Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

CHAPTER NINE – Statistical and genetic investigations for the purpose of personal identification

The LI mitochondrial haplogroup first appeared in Africa 120,000- 150,000 years ago and then spread outside Africa 55,000-75,000 years ago, and other haplogroups formed. Haplogroup LI occurred in Asia 40,000-70,000 years ago, and in Europe 35,000-50,000 years ago, by which time haplogroups H and T had also appeared (Figure 42). Mitochondrial haplogroup H has a 46% rate of occurrence (Richards et al.

2000) and wherever it appeared, Hlb can also be found, but most commonly (5%) in Eastern and Central Europe (Loogvâli

et al. 2004). Haplogroup T2b is also common, especially in Northwestern Europe, with a roughly 4.16% frequency (Pala et

al.

2012). Figure 42 shows the spread and diversity of mitochondrial haplogroup around the world.

Figure 40. Migration of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (source: Mathildas Anthropology Blog; edited by János

Jeney).

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