Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

CHAPTER SEVEN – Genetic investigations

We show the gender determination results based on the amelogenin gene in Table 11. The gender of the fetus had remained unknown up to this point.

Table 11. Determining the gender of the investigated skeletons via PCR examination of the amelogenin gene. The Göttingen

laboratory

incorrectly determined the gender of the fetus as male based on a value measured in a heavily fractured DNA sample. According to several tests we conducted, the fetus is actually female.

Skelette Labore

Béla III.

II/52_3

11/53

11/54

11/55

1/3 G5

1/4 H6

A. Anna

Fötus

11/109

Göttingen

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/X

X/Y

X/X

Budapest

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

X/Y

x/x

X/X

x/x

SUMMARY: Opening of the glass containers in the Matthias Church where the skeletons were kept occurred under sterile conditions. The royal couples skeletons wrapped in textile were not removed. Instead, they were immediately placed back in the open glass containers after they had been checked by touch and were subsequently transported to a sterile operating room at NIO in special shipping containers, where the samples were taken. Preliminary experiments indicated that all of the bone samples were suitable for DNA isolation, but in order to carry out the procedure, the DNA isolation protocol had to be optimized. All of the DNA isolated from bone samples from the Matthias Church could be fit into one of two groups. Less fragmented DNA samples were isolated from the skeletons of Béla

III,

11/54, 11/55,1/3 G5,1/4 H6 and 11/109 (group 1), and the probability of 147