Kaján Imre (szerk.): Zalai Múzeum 23. (Zalaegerszeg, 2017)
Tarbay János Gábor: Késő bronzkori depó Oltárc–Márki hegyről (Zala m.) Őskori manipulációk, szelektív és recens törések vizsgálata
88 János Gábor Tarbay The passementerie fibula (Cat. no. 43) from the Márki Hill hoard can be assigned to A1 type. The distribution of this type concentrates mainly in the western part of the Lake Balaton, but it can also be found in the Banat, Syrmia, Upper Tisza region and Transylvania. It can be dated to the Ha A1 period, however its later deposition was also suggested (updated lists of parallels: List 5).'52 The fibula with twisted body which is eight-shaped before the spring can be assigned to the so called Vösendorf type fibulae.152 153 The main distribution area of this type is in the region of Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic, Croatia and Italy. The Vösendorf type fibula can be dated to the Ha A1 period, only one younger specimen is known from a settlement of the Gáva culture at Borjas.154 The group of leaf-shaped plate fibulae (Blattbügelfibel) has many different types and regional groups (e.g. Kreuzennach/Orlea type etc.)155 and it was deposited for a long period of time (Ha 1-Ha Bl) but it is dated mainly to the Ha A period.156 The fibulae from the Márki Hill can be assigned to the Röschitz- Sanisläu type. One of the most detailed typology of these object was given by Tiberius Bader157 whose classification dealt with different variants based on the chased decorations on the leaf-shaped plate.158 According to his classification, chronologically two different types can be distinguished, specimens with willow-shaped plate (Ha Al) and the ones with rounded plate (Ha A2, Ha Bl).159 The latest deposition of the object can be found in the hoard from Valea Rusului (Moldova) where the leaf-shaped plate fibula was combined with an „Antennenschwert”.160 The main distribution area of the Röschitz-Sanisläu type is in the territory of Hungary, but specimens are known in greater number from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Romania, and sporadically from Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Serbia, Ukraine, Poland and Moldova (fig. 26).'6' In the present study we publish a new leaf-shaped plate fibula from the vicinity of Kapospula region which is in the private collection of Z. Repkényi (fig. 24, 4). Besides, I would also like to bring attention to three unprovenanced specimens which were sold on eBay recently (fig. 24, 2~3). The last analysed object is the so called Nadap- Poljanci type ribbed phalera. The classic form of this type of phalerae appeared in the Ha Al period and they showed concentration in southern Transdanubia and northern Croatia. Specimens appeared in the most distant parts of the Carpathian Basin such as eastern Hungary, eastern Transylvania and beyond, in the Czech Republic and south-eastern Germany. The Nadap-Poljanci type phalerae are primarily typical in the Ha Al period, while their number decreased significantly in the Ha B period.162 Based on the results of the typo-chronological analysis, the artefacts can be associated with Amália Mozsolics’s Kurd horizon (Ha Al),163 the Horizon II (Ha A) and Horizon III (Ha B1 (2)) of P. Turk’s chronological model,164 the Serbian Stufe II (Ha Al/2)165and the Croatian Phase II (Br D-Ha Al).166 The chronological character of most objects represent a longer period (e.g. Br D-Ha Al. Ha A2-Ha Bl, Ha Al-Ha Bl), but most of them were deposited in the Ha Al period (fig. 27). The only exception is the spearhead with pentagon-shaped blade which can be dated to the Period IV (Ha A2-Ha Bl) by its parallels from Poland. Only the latter can argue for a younger Ha Bl deposition of the assemblage. Conclusion The selection of objects in a hoard can be characterized in many different ways. Research 152PATAY 1964, 11., 14.; BADER 1983,42.; VASIC 1999, 25-26.; TARBAY 2012, 117, 9. kép, II. lista. 153 BETZLER 1974, 21. 154 BETZLER 1974, 22., Taf. 77A; RÍHOVSKY 1993, 20-21.; VASIC 1999, 17-18., PABST 2010, 398., List 56. 155 VASIC 1999, 19. 156 BETZLER 1974, 48.; BADER 1983, 30-31.; VASIC 1999,21.; GEDL2004, 78. 157 BADER 1983,29. 158 BADER 1983, 29-30. 159 BADER 1983,31. 160 DERGACEV 2002, 52. 161 MÜLLER-KARPE 1951, 196-197., Abb. 2b; von BRUNN 1968,42-43.; BETZLER 1974,47^18.; BADER 1983, 31., Taf. 42B; RÍHOVSKY 1993, 52-54.; VASIC 1999, 21., Taf. 61; NOVOTNÁ 2001, 22., Taf. 26; KÖNIG 2004, 71.; GEDL 2004, 78.; KASUBA 2008, 216., Abb. 19. 162 For detailed information and further literature see: TARBAY 2017 in press. 163 MOZSOLICS 1985, Taf. 276-277. 164 TURK 1996, 110-118. 165 VASIC 1982, 268.; VASIC 2015, 3-8., Tab. 2. 166 VINSKI-GASPARINI 1973, 198-205.; KARAVAN1C 2009, 91-134.
