Zalai Múzeum 15. Horváth László 60 éves (Zalaegerszeg, 2006)

Molnár Ferenc: Az Árpád-kori Kolon (Balatonmagyaród) település vassalak-depójának anyagvizsgálata: a technológia és a nyersanyageredet kérdése

Az Árpád-kori Kolon (Balatonmagyaród) település vassalak-depójának anyagvizsgálata 287 Jegyzet: A Balatonmagyaród-Kolon lelőhelyre és a 2002. évi feltárásra vonatkozó régészeti adatokat dr. Kvassay Judit állította össze. A lelőhely egészét lásd Kvassay Judit: Árpád-kori és késő középkori településrészletek Balatonmagyaród-Alsó-Koloni-dűlő lelőhelyen. ZalMúz 15 (2006) 259-280. Irodalom: BAYLEY ET. AL 2001 Bayley, J. - Dungworth, D. - Paynter, S.: English Heritage Publications, vol. 01, 30 p. EHRENREICH ET AL 2005 Ehrenreich, R.M. - Hamilton, E. - Nash, S.K.: Far from Barbaric: Re-assessing the Sophistication of Merovingian Metalworking, JOM, Vol. 57, No.8, pp. 51-55. GÖMÖRI 2000 Gömöri J.: Az avar kori és Árpád-kori vaskohászat régészeti emlékei Pannoniában. Soproni Múzeum Régészeti Gyűjteménye, 373p. MOLNÁR 2003 Molnár F.: Letenyei kohósalak leletek archeometriai vizsgálata. Kutatási jelentés 2003. ZGM Adattár 2595-2003. SZŐKE 1988 Szőke B. M.: Zalakomár-Alsó Kolon (Zala m). In: Sz. Burger A. szerk.: Az 1987. év régészeti kutatásai. RégFüz41 (1988)65. VALTER 1979 Valter L: Árpád-kori kovácsműhely csatáron. Zalai Gyűjtemény 12 (1979) 43-74. VÖRÖS 2003 Jelentés a Balatonmagyaród-Alsó-Koloni-dűlői állatcsontanyag meghatározásáról. Kézirat. ZGM Adattár 2566-2003 Study of a slag-dump from the Arpádian period of Kolon settlement (Balatonmagyaród): technology and origin of raw materials Morphological and textural characteristics of smithing slags from Kolon indicate that they formed as a result of heating and forging of blooms. Results of morphological examination (e.g. correlation between length, width and thickness parameters) of planconvex slags indicate that they were formed by identical technology or in the same forge. By the means of macroscopic and microscopic examination, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction analyses the following components were identified in the samples: - iron and ferro-alloys, in some cases with high Ni content and with Co, Cu, Zn, Cd and Ag trace elements - wüstite: FeO (with Ti and Mn content) - magnetite: FeFe

2

0

4 (with Ti and Mn content) - fayalite - kirschsteinite: Fe

2

Si0

4 - CaFeSi0

4 (with considerable Mn and Mg content) - kalsilite-leucite: KAlSi0

4 - KAlSi

2

0

4 - glass with high iron content that is also rich in alkalines and alkali metals; it also exhibits manganese and phosphorus - remnants of additives: quartz and cristobalite Si0

2

, potassium feldspar - KAlSi

3

0

8 Trace element contents of silicate and glass phases indicate that the reconstructed forge was partly used to produce iron from blooms made from bog-ore. However, the Fe-Ni alloy composition of some metal pieces in the slag and their minor element contents (Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag) cannot satisfactorily be explained by the use of local bog-ore only. This observation is in direct correlation with previous assumptions, i.e. that some of the blooms originate from foreign (mountainous) regions where ores of different source and composition occur. The specific components of slags and iron objects from West Hungary requires further research, especially because the processing of non-bogore to make highly durable and corrosion-proof objects (e.g. knives) may have required control of the phosphorus content of the iron during forging. This method was used instead of a more developed and also more demanding forging technique when heat is controlled more efficiently allowing heat treating and carburization, when carbon is introduced into a metal. Controlling of the phosphorus content of the iron may be indicated by remains of animal bones that were found in the slags and also by the high calcium and phosphorus content of other fragments from Kolon. Translated by Attila Kreiter