Zalai Múzeum 14. Müller Róbert 60 éves (Zalaegerszeg, 2005)

Horváth László: Grave of a Celtic warrior from Magyarszerdahely (Zala county)

64 Horváth László was dated to the beginning of LT-C 1. It must be noted that even though grave 30 was considered earlier previously it was still considered to represent the period of the unsucessful campaign in the Balkans. Gebhard's fifth horizon of La Téne cemeteries in the MiddleDanube region can be placed between the invasion of 280/279 ВС and the beginning of LT-C1. This is followed by the sixth horizon, which characterised by La Téne type objects. Grave 63 belongs to the beginning of this horizon. In summary it is considered that the population of the Celtic cemetery of Magyarszerdahely arrived here from the west with the tribes who aimed to invade the Balkans. Many of them however did not return to the west but remained in the Carpathian Basin. Recent studies consider that the invasion of the Balkans was aimed at gaining more territory rather than as a looting After the publicated part: „Mouth. Type A

2

, subcampanulate variety. Midrib. Broad. Overlaps. Back over front(?). Reinforce. T-type, on the reverse. Loop. Type Ic, arched, ornamented. Loop-plates.The upper loopplate is arched, the lower one is shield-shaped, both are decoreted. Chape-clamps, chape-bridge, chape-end. Missing. Chagrinage. Three pairs of ring punches enclosed by the pattern. Design. 2a] + 5; HSS." (SZABÓ-PETRES, 1992, 95). This practice is not exclusive to this cemetery but similar examples can be found, for example at Farmos (Pest County): grave 2 and 3; Vác-Kavicsbánya (Pest County): graves 7, 10, 11, 12, 25, 30, 55; Bodroghalom (В

AZ County): graves 12 and 15; Kistokaj-Kültelek (BAZ County): graves 18, 20, 24, 26, 27; Muhi-Kocsmadomb (BAZ County): graves 33, 35, 38, 43; Radostyán (BAZ County): graves 11 and 14 (HELLEBRANDT 1999); Rezi-Rezicseri homokbánya (Zala County): graves 6, 7, 12, 40, 47, 59. In grave 59 the cremated bones together with metal finds were packed in textile, which was placed in a vessel woven from bulrush (HORVÁTH 1987). Holiare/Slovakia: grave 186 (BENADIK-VLCEK-AMBROS 1957, 88; LORENZ 1978, 62). Examples of burials in a row: Miinsingen-Rain/Swizerland (HODSON 1968); Hurbanovo-Bacherov Majer, Kamenin/Slovakia (BENADIK-VLCEK-AMBROS 1957); Brno-Malomerice, Jenisuv Újezd/Czech Republic (LORENZ 1978, Abb. 39). Burials in row and in clusters: Letky/Czech Republic (WALDHAUSER 1987); Rezi-Rezicseri-homokbánya/Hungary (HORVÁTH 1997, Abb. 1); Jászberény-Cserőhalom/Hungary (KAPOSVÁRI 1969); Mannersdorf a.L.,Pottenbrunn/Austria (NEUGEBAUER 1992, 156-159). Examples of burials in clusters when men, women and adventure (SZABÓ 1994, 40). In opposition to our previously held notions that the cemetery of Magyarszerdahely was used during LT-C2, it is considered here that it was probably in use until the end of LT-C 1. According to the finds of a small number of graves there is a possibility that it was also used for a few decades longer, after the end of LT-C1. This cemetery belongs to the group of cemeteries that were established during the second migration wave of the Celts, in the end of the 4

th or at the beginning of the 3

rd century ВС. The weaponry of the warrior in grave 63 is uniform and the northeastern and southern connections of the grave goods are remarkable. In the light of this it is considered that he was an eminent person in his community. Translated by Eszter Kreiter children were buried in separate groups: Andelfingen/ Switzerland (WYSS 1974, Abb. 1). Good examples of burials of small families: Nebringen/Germany (KRAMER 1964); Bajc-Vulkanovo/Slovakia (LORENZ 1978, Abb. 54); Stránce, Radovesice, Dobra Voda/ Czech Republic (WALDHAUSER 1987, Abb. 40); VácKavics-bánya/Hungary (HELLEBRANDT 1999, Fig. 99); Belgrad-Karaburma/Serbia (TODOROVIC 1972). 4 SZABÓ-PETRES 1992, Cat. No. 42; HORVÁTH 1979, 45, stray find 6; HUNYADI 1957, 29. 5 Similar finds are known from an inhumation in Austria such as at Katzelsdorf (URBAN-TESCHLERSCHUTZ 1985, 13) and Pottenbrunn (NEUGEBAUER 1992, Abb. 17). 6 26 warrior burials belong to the first group which number seems too high (BUJNA 1982, 411-414, Tab. 14). In the territory of present Czech Republic warriors comprised a considerable proportion of society making up a range from one fifth to one third of the population (WALDHAUSER 1987, 63). 7 Bodroghalom: stray find (HELLEBRANDT 1999, 183, 194, Pl. LXII, 1); Farmos: grave 4 (HELLEBRANDT 1999, 25, 29, PI. VII, 10); Halmajugra: stray find (HELLEBRANDT 1999, 166-167, Pl. LVIII, 10); Piliny: stray find (PULSZKY 1897, Pic. 74); Szob: stray find (SZABÓ-PETRES 1992, Pl. 62). 8 GUSTIN 1984, Abb. 12, 6; HELLEBRANDT 1999, PL VII, 11. The analogy of the shield was actually found in grave 4 at Farmos (HUNYADI 1944, 80-81). 9 See SCHWAPPACH 1971, 131; SCHWAPPACH 1974, 109; ZIRRA 1978! For similar stamped decorations see SZABÓ 1971, Pic. 31, 35. Similar angled dotted lines decorate a pot from Manching (KRAMER 1985, Taf. I, 5). 10 GEBHARD 1989, 74. Notes: