Zalai Múzeum 12. 50 éves a Nagykanizsai Thúry György Múzeum (Zalaegerszeg, 2003)

Kovács Gyöngyi: Jegyzetek a kanizsai vár 16–17. századi kerámialeleteihez

164 Kovács Gyöngyi VÁNDOR 1998 VÁNDOR L.: A bajcsai vár feltárásáról (1995-1996. évi eredmények) (Die Freilegung der Festung Bajcsa, 1995-1996). In (szerk. H. Simon K.): Népek a Mura mentén (Völker an der Mur, Ljudi uz Mura, Ljudje ob Muri) 2. A Nagykanizsán 1997. május 15-17. között megrendezett nemzetközi konferencia előadásai. Zalaegerszeg 1998, 101-109. Remarks on the 16^-17^ century The Kanizsa fort was at one time one of the most important fortresses in southwestern Transdanubia. Its central building, the castle, had been constructed by Miklós Kanizsai, King Sigismund's Master of the Treasury at the close of the 14

th century. The castle was in the possession of the Kanizsai family throughout the 15

th century, and after 1534, following the marriage between Orsolya Kanizsai and Tamás Nádasdy - who later rose to become Palatine of Hungary - it was held by the Nádasdy family (2). The looming threat of the Turkish expansion led Tamás Nádasdy to rebuild the castle into a veritable fortress between 1554-1559 and Orsolya Kanizsai later ceded this fortress to the Treasury. As the seat of the Balaton-Dráva military region and as a result of large-scale construction work begun in 1568 under Pietro Ferabosco, the fortress constructed by Nádasdy became an important link in the chain of border fortresses. In 1600, after the Turks occupied Kanizsa, it became an important centre of the border vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. The Christian forces recaptured the fort in 1690 and in 1702 it was demolished on Leopold I's orders (MÉRI 1988, 31-40; VÁNDOR 1992, 8-10; VÁNDOR 1994, 254-256, 280285, 304-311, 353-356; DÁVID 1992, 57). Little remains of this impressive fortress of southwestern Transdanubia (which lay west of Nagykanizsa, in the one-time marshland of the Kanizsa stream) - its memory is preserved by a few earthwork banks and the name of the road {Vár út, „Castle road") leading to Kiskanizsa (cp. MÉRI 1988, Fig. 1. = 1. kép 1). István Méri conducted a topographical survey and archaeological investigations in the medieval castle and its surroundings in the 1950s and 1960s, before the area was built up, which greatly contributed to a better knowledge of the fort (MÉRI 1988). A detailed monograph on the history of Nagykanizsa and its fort was written by László Vándor (1994). VÁNDOR - KOVÁCS - PALFFY 1998/2000 VÁNDOR L. - KOVÁCS GY. - PÁLFFY G. A régészeti és az írott források összevetésének lehetőségeiről: a bajcsai vár (1578-1600) kutatásának újabb ereményei - Archáologische und Schriftliche Quellén im Vergleich: neuere Ergebnisse der Erforschung der Grenzburg Weitschawar (Bajcsavár). ArchÉrt 125 (1998/2000) [2002] 85-119. ceramic finds from the Kanizsa fort The finds from the excavations of the 1950s and from the later rescue excavations, currently housed in the Thury György Museum in Nagykanizsa (4), are basically unpublished, although Méri's book (1988) offers a good selection of these finds. The small excavation in the Turkish palisade stronghold at Bares (1567-1664) (KOVÁCS - RÓZSÁS 1996; KOVÁCS RÓZSÁS 1998) and the investigations carried out at the Bajcsa fort (1578-1600) between 1995 and 2001 (VÁNDOR 1997; VÁNDOR 1998, VÁNDOR - KOVÁCS - PÁLFFY 1998/2000; KOVÁCS (ed.) 2002), as well as the analysis of the ceramic finds from the latter site (KOVÁCS 2001) eventually directed our attention to the 16

th-17

th century finds from Kanizsa. This study discusses certain pottery wares that show marked similarities with the finds from Bajcsa and from other sites of the Turkish occupation period. Late 16

th century pottery wares A part of the late 16

th century pottery wares can be identified with certainty on the basis of the finds from Bajcsa. The similarities between the unglazed (Fig 2. 13, 5, 7; Fig. 3. 1-2; cp. KOVÁCS 2001, Figs 2-4) and the glazed pots (Fig. 2. 4, 6, 8; see also MÉRI 1988, Pl. XXIV. 1 and 3 in the second row, 1 and 3 in the third row; cp. KOVÁCS 2001, Fig. 5), the jugs and ewers (Fig. 4. 4-5; Fig. 5. 3-7; see also MÉRI 1988, PL XXV. 2 in the fifth row; cp. KOVÁCS 2001, Figs 10, 11.8), as well as the painted wares (Fig. 3. 4, 6; Fig. 4. 5-6, see also MÉRI 1988, Pl. XXVI. 1; ср. KOVÁCS 2001, Fig 7. 1, Fig. 9. 4. and Fig. 12. 6) from Kanizsa and Bajcsa suggest that these kitchen wares had been manufactured in the same workshop(s). Although market town of Kanizsa was at this time the suburb of the fort (VÁNDOR 1994, 335-337), it seems likely that some of these pottery wares had been produced in this town.