A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 21. (Veszprém, 2000)

K. Palágyi Sylvia: Római kori villák újabb vaseszközei a veszprémi Laczkó Dezső Múzeumban

Zsanérként (csuklópánt-forgó) való meghatározásukhoz: GÁSPÁR 1997. 76., Nr. 2125 H Hasonlók: GÁSPÁR 1986. Nr. 403., 433., 937., 964., 988., 1358., 1363., 1519., 2068., 2070., 2193. GAITZSCH 1980. 383., Taf. 71. Nr. 316.; GÁSPÁR 1986. Nr. 870-871., 2127. PALÁGYI 1981. 26., 39., Kat. Nr. 2.2.10.18., Taf. XIII.7., Kat. Nr. 10-11., Taf. XIII. 5-6. PALÁGYI 1981. Taf. XXVII. 1. PALÁGYI 1981. 33., Taf. XXVII. 1-2. In 1991 and 1999, Veszprém Museum obtained two new collections of iron implements. One was found in the area of the Gyulafirátót-Pogánytelek villa (fig. 1-6, 11) in the course of unauthorised excavations, whereas the other came to light in the so-called northern courtyard between buildings I and II of the Baláca Roman-period villa-farm, during excavations in profile 154/C (fig. 9, 11, 12-15) preceding the building of an exhibition of stone remains. Not far from the profile, by way of completion, a further ploughshare and a straight mounting respectively a chain for pulling a plough (fig. 10, 14 No. 2-3; fig. 15 No. 1) also saw the light of day. The Gyulafirátót-Pogánytelek collection consists of seven iron objects (No. Gyl-7), which were deliberately buried, probably in a previously dug pit. The finds from the Baláca profile 154/C (No. В

1-23) were covered with roof and stone debris. The three ploughshares from the two collections show earlier and later variants of the spade-shaped, symmetrical (slightly asymmetrical) ploughshare type. Chains for pulling ploughs were to be found at both sites, in three different sizes in Gyulafirátót, from which we must think of the use of a plough suitable for the soil structure. The use of chains for pulling ploughs is mainly (but not exclusively) a characteristic of Pannónia. The almost square cross-section of the skife handle found in Gyulafirátót is not inconsistent with dating the origin of the finds to the Roman period. The narrower ploughshare, and also the socketed scythe, can be imagined in a 2" , possibly 3" century environment, simply on the basis of the Veszprém county material. RHÉ 1912. 12. ábra GAITZSCH 1978. Abb. 20.; PIETSCH 1983. Nr. 511., 512. PIETSCH 1983.61. GAITZSCH 1978. Abb. 17. a-b. Az érmek soron kívüli meghatározásáért Torbágyi Melindának tartozom köszönettel. A balácai kutatásokat az OTKA támogatta (T 022765) Part of the Baláca find was an earlier and, taking into account the tendency of implements to develop, a later implement which could also be used as a hoc, the axe hoe and the mattock (No. B3, 2). Originally these were listed among tools primarily used for woodworking, which could not be lacking from any "household." The socketed ;\xes were ousted more and more by implements with holes in the handles. The hinged and straight bands may have been mountings from boxes, doors or possibly carts. The latter assumption may be supported by a cushion mounting belonging to the finds, and by a straight mounting. (No. B5-11, 23, 25). The keys and lock bolt, as well as the lock plate, (No. В

15-18) are of types frequent in Pannónia. From the excavations in Baláca between 1906-1912, a set of implements was reported in 1912, which had been hidden in the heating channel of room 31 in the main building (I). In this, as well as ploughshares (fig.

8), there was also a pair of compasses. In this case, as well as with the new compasses, the blades could be fixed together with a small iron plate. It is difficult to date the iron objects in themselves. In the so-called northern courtyard of the Baláca villa farm, the coins from the layer of debris in the "C" series of profiles originate from the 1

st and 3' centuries. The latest of them may be dated to 282 AD. Towards the end of the 3

K century therefore, the corridor may have been destroyed, the debris from which buried the iron implements. NEW IRON IMPLEMENTS FROM THE ROMAN VILLAS IN THE VESZPRÉM MUSEUM "LACZKÓ DEZSŐ" 30