A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 12. (Veszprém, 1973)

Dr. Horváth Lajos: A Tapolcai-medence madárvilágának összehasonlító cönológiai és ökológiai vizsgálata

1967, from the last week of April till the end of June; complementary data collecting was made in 1968 and 1969. The investigation was done in nesting bird communities. Out of the 38 nesting communities of Hungary, ten can be found here. It was established that all the conditions necessary to the formation of such communities were given on the mountain itself when the intervening areas were smaller than 1—2 km. When it was not the case the effect of the latter can be clearly demonstrated. It may be of interest to note that the water surface of Lake Balaton exerted no influence on the composition of the bird cenosis in the nesting period. The effect of altitude was likewise neglectable. The inselbergs showed only three nesting cenoses in the forest, rock and human settlement cenological categories. On the other hand, such nesting communities like the meadow, bog, salt, sand and loess-wall categories were entirely missing. The distribution of the nesting communities of the inselbergs in the three types of the region is as follows: forest — five (1/1, 1/4, 1/5, 1/7, 1/13), rock — two (VII/1, VII/2) and human settlement — three (IX/1, IX/2, IX/3). The following cenoses have been established to occur here: 1/1. Dendrocopos maior-nesting community, 14. Phylloscopus sibilatrix-nesting community, 1/5. Garrulus glandarius-nesting community, 1/7. Sylvia atricapilla-nesting community, 1/13. Pica pica-nesting community, VII/1. Monticola saxatilis-nestiny community, VII/2. Falco peregrinus-nesting community, IX/1. Serinus canarius-nesting community, IX/2. Carduelis cannabia-nesting community, IX/3. Delichon urbicanesting community. The number of the nesting species on the individual volcanoes is shown as Badacsony 61, Szigliget 24, Gulács 22, Tóti-hegy 25, Szent György-hegy 25, Csobánc 21, Hegyesd 33, Haláp 23, Halyagos 26, Kopasz 17. In elucidating the differences it may be said with certainty that richness in species in the function of the composition of the forest and not of its extension. Another conclusion was reached as regards treeless regions, in fact, the richness in species is in direct proportion with the geographic structure. The supposition gained ground that both the composition and species richness of the avifauna suffer the influence of the environment — excepting that of the water surface of Lake Balaton and the reedy littoral zone. Consequently, both species density and occurrence are determined conjointly by the character of the region and the geographical structure. The comparison of quantitative data also yielded useful results. Accordingly, on the forest-covered volcanoes the individual number of birds is higher than on the other regions. Furthermore, individual number is independent of the varied region but is dependent upon its extension. The specific list surrenders 118 representatives occurring in the Tapolca basin; of this number 26 are only passing species or winter guests; 92 build neests here. The occurrence of Corvus corone is of special interest for according to the literature this is the easternmost locality of this species. Lajos Horváth