Ilon Gábor szerk.: Pápai Múzeumi Értesítő 6. (Pápa, 1996)

Bronzkor a Nyugat-Dunántúlon - L. Bartosiewicz: Bronze age animal keeping in northwestern Transdanubia, Hungary. Bronzkori állattartás az Északnyugat-Dunántúlon

ACTA MUSEI PATENS IS PÁPAI MÚZEUMI ÉRTESÍTŐ 6-1996 LÁSZLÓ BARTOSIEWICZ BRONZE AGE ANIMAL KEEPING IN NORTHWESTERN TRANSDANUBIA, HUNGARY Until recently, Bronze Age faunal studies in Aagay have largely concentrated on settlements of the Great Hungarian Plain (including stratified teil settlements) as well as central and southern Transdanubia. The general term „Bronze Age", however, not only covers a millennium pins long time interval, but also includes a great variety of ashcacological cultures distinguished on the basis of ceramic styles which occupied different liabitafcs in the Carpathian Basin. It is for this reason that even preliminary, sometimes sporadic archacozoological data from a previously little known region, northwestern Hungary, should be of interest. This paper is a preliminary survey of new data concerning Bronze Age animal keeping in the discussed area. At this early stage of evaluation, most attention is concentrated on die nature of information made available by recent excavations in Northwestern Transdanubia and their relation to archaeological and archacozoological data from other parts of Hungary. Material and Methods Series of excavations, in part planned projects as well as rescue work related to the construction of the Ml Motorway between the city of Győr and the border village of Hegyeshalom in the west, conducted by András Figler of the Hanság Museum in Mosonmagyaróvár, uncovered Bronze Age sites of different types. Although many of fliese field operations affected extensive areas covering sometimes several hectares, with only a few exceptions the Bronze Age was represented by only relatively few features. The list of sites i. e. their Bronze Age components, their typochronological affiliations, together with the numbers of identifiable and non-identifiable «nînrml remains arc summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Two fundamental characteristics of the fàunal materials available for study can be immediately appraised from these lists: 1/ sample sizes vary immensely; 21 Early Bronze Age settlements dominate among the sites available for study, although the Late Bronze Age is represented by larger animal bone assemblagesTable 2 includes non-identifiable animal remains that represent non-anthropogenic taphonomic ,gain " (bones of burrowing rodents) which, logically, could not be unambiguously linked with human occupation. As far as the identifïability of bones is concerned, on average 78% of the 1 e.g. Bökő ay 1, S.: Die Wirbeltierfauna der Ausgrabungen in Tószeg von Jahre 1948. AAH 2 (1932) 71-113^ BökönyL S.: Verzeichnis der auf dem Burghügel gefundenen Tieneste. In J. Banner and L Bona: Mittelbronzezeitliche Teil-Siedlung bei Békés. FonArchHung Budapest, 1974. 824 Bökönyl, &: Jagd und Tierzucht In I. Fodor, W. Meier-Arendt and P. Raczky cds. Dezernat Kultur und Freizeit der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, 1992. 69-72.; Vörös, I- A BUiaragn-Fökfvárhalom bronzkori telep állatcsontleletei (Animal bones of the Bronze Age settlement at Bíharugra-Földvárhaiom). FoiArch XXIX (1978) 71-91.; Vörös, I.: Pécel-Várhegy kora bronzkori telep állatcsonücictei (TícrkíMchcnfunde der friihbronzczeitüchen Siedlung Pécel -Várhegy). StudCom 9 (1980) 21-37.; CWyke, A. Rt: Előzetes jelentés a tiszaug-kéménytetői ásatás csontszerszámairól (Preliminary report on the bone tools non TiszaugKéménytetö). ArchÉrt 109 (1983) 35-41.; C hoy ke, A. Ai: Faunal information offered by worked bone assemblages. AAH 36 (1984) 54-58. 2 Caoyke, A. M.: A classification of bone and antler tools from tbc Bronze Age hill-fortiess of Pakozdvár. AReg 17 (1979) 9-21.; Choyke, A. ML: An analysis of bone, antler and tooth took front Bronze Age Hungary. MittArchlns 12/13 (1984) 13-57.; Vörös, Li Description of the animal bones from tbc Early Bronze Age settlement at Szava. JPMÉ XXIII (1979) 137-144.