K. Palágyi Sylvia szerk.: Balácai Közlemények 2005/9. (Veszprém, 2005)
GÁBOR, OLIVÉR: Suburbanum Sopianarum and Roman Villas around Sopianae
newer excavation results. The possibility of another classification is provided by the ancient authors, Cato, Vitruvius and the Digestae. Among the several names (villa rustica, villa urbana, villa fructuaria, villa suburbana), only the villa suburbana can refer to a complete, economic unity; the others only refer to certain parts of a villa. Based on its location near the town, the villa suburbana may have been smaller and partly of different function than other, farther villas, nevertheless we do not have nay proof of this yet. e) The age and rebuilding of the villas At present, it seems that the central buildings medium size, municipal estates were formed after the Marcomannic wars around Aquincum. In Baranya, around Sopianae however, only the central buildings (villae urbanae) of the 4 th century, equipped with urban comfort, are somewhat known. The style and character of the 4 th century rebuildings is more or less known, as well (fortification, northern apse in some cases, burial chmaber near the villa etc..) f) Afterlife of the villas As for the continuity of the villas, there are more theories. According to one, during the migration era, the apparent barbarian peoples avoided the Roman ruins while according to another, they settled down in them, finally according to a third, the locations suitable for settlements are continuous regardless of ages. 7 Knowing the sites in Pécs, Keszthely-Fenékpuszta and others (Kővágószőlős, Szabadbattyán etc.), as well as Anonymus's description (he mentions the ruins of Brigetio and Aquincum), the question can be answered, since we know that the Ancient ruins were known and also used at least temporarily. 2. Sopianae The identification of Pécs with the Ancient Sopianae already happened in the 18 th century. 8 Nevertheless we only have sufficient data for the exact location and range of the town to draw more or less precise outlines from the second half of the 20 th century. First of all the partial discovery of the town walls and the fosses gives us the possibility for this. These cannot be interpreted as parts of the medieval city walls. The medieval town does not entirely follow the range of the Ancient Sopianae it only covers its northern part. 3. Suburbanum Sopianarum The agglomeration in our modem sense, the condensation of structures around the town, can certainly be experienced in the Ancient Sopianae, as well. Some structures
