K. Palágyi Sylvia szerk.: Balácai Közlemények 1989/1. (Veszprém, 1989)

BIRÓ KATALIN-K. PALÁGYI SYLVIA—REGÉNYE JUDIT: Technológiai megfigyeléseka Nemesvámos, Baláca pusztai őskori lelőhely kőeszközanyagán

uniform, comprising 98% of local radiolarite. Further raw material varieties include Upper Cretaceous Tevel flint from the NW Bakony, sandstone, and Mecsek radiolarite. The material associated with individual raw material blocks are presented on figures 10-22, the refitted pieces and characteristic tool types on figures 3-5. The pit complex contained the discarded pieces of local tool production as well as general settlement activities, reflected by, apart from the utilized tools, the presence of pottery as well. KATALIN BIRÓ MTA Régészeti Intézet H-1014 Budapest III. The pit complex consists of two part, two conjoining pits of fairly regular rounded form. The pit B (excavated in 1981 and 1988) is lying to the north, while pit 5 (excavated in 1984 and 1988) is to the south of the other (Fig. 2.). The pottery comprises, partly, fine, grey, adequately silted material, as well as rough, brown, red, grey and black material thinned with small white pebbles. The form of the vessels: Biconical vessel (Fig. 23. 1-3, 25. 3, 5, 7, 9-10, 12). On its upper part, the profile of the vessel is concave, on the lower part, convexly arched, on the upper part, regular truncated coneform and convex on the lower part (Fig. 23. 10 — 11, 14) as well as pieces with S-profile (Fig. 23. 8, 13). Bowl - concave, arched with rim inclined outwards, convex lower part, with distinctive profile (Fig. 25. 1, 4) and truncated cone-form (Fig. 24. 2.). Pedestalled bowl - with steep wall and wide bowl part (Fig. 28. 2-3). We have two data on the form of the pedestal: inflated (Fig. 26. 3 and outwards inclined form (Fig. 27. 13.). Bottle-form pot — with wide mouth, cylindrical neck (Fig. 24. 5, 10) and considerably inclined rim fragments, parts of a bigger vessel (Fig. 24. 6-7). Painted rim fragment of a fdter vessel (Fig. 25. 8.) Pot — with inclined rim, truncated conical shoulder and flattened spherical body (Fig. 28. 1.), as well as its biconical version (Fig. 27. 10.) Bowl - truncated conical with incurving rim (Fig. 27. 3) as well as a low, flat form (Fig. 27. 12, 15). Handles denoting storage vessals (Fig. 26. 12, 28. 5.). On the fine pottery, we can find painting as decoration, as well as knots and perforations under the rim, however, not in very great number. Most frequent ornaments on the vessels are the small knots arranged at the widest part of the body. There is a rim fragment with obliquely polished surface, as well as several pieces with mottled burning. The painting is red, and the patterns are striped as it is observable on some rim fragments. The rough ware have also mainly knots as ornaments. Pinched ornaments as well as nail-impressed patterns also occur in the material. There were some fragments ornamented by Zseliz patterns, the material of the latter is also different from the rest of the ceramics. The joint presence of the fine-grained grey and the rough ware with white pebbles, certain forms like bowls, pedestalled bowls, large storage vessels with handles and the inclining solid pedestal as well as mottled burning and pinched ornaments on the rough ware dates the assemblage to the transitional phase between the Zseliz and the Lengyel cultures. The form of the biconical vessels - on the upper part, concave, on the lower part, convex with sharp profilled body are characteristic of the early phas; of the Sopot culture (in the sense of Nándor Kalicz). The fact that there were some Zseliz fragments among the sherds, as well as the small amount of painted ware also denotes this period. Not very far from this pit there was another pit containing material of the Late Zseliz culture, so far the only unit of this age on the site. On the basis of the Zseliz sherds in the Sopot pit, we have to assume that the people of the Sopot culture appeared at Baláca during the existence of the Zseliz culture as yet, though we have not enough data to decide whether this took place in the first or second half of the Illrd phase of this culture — i. e., the two units can be contemporary or probably, the Sopot pit complex is somewhat younger. JUDIT REGÉNYE Bakonyi Múzeum H-8201 Veszprém