Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 30. (2006) (Szombathely, 2007)

Régészet - Choyke, Alice: A mindennapi élet és halál árnyjátékai: Gór–Kápolnadomb a proto-lengyeli kultúrában

Alice M. Choyke: Shadows of Daily Life and Death at the Ptoto-Lengyel Site of Gór-Kápolnadomb The diaphysis of this particular awl was grooved with a flint tool like a burin through the cortical bone into the medullary cavity and across the epiphyses. It was then broken in half. The half bone was then quartered again using a similar grooving and splitting with percussion technique (Figure 3). Rough surfaces at the break and the tip were then formed by grinding with an abrasive material like sandstone. Finally the proximal epiphysis was ground flat so that the line of the tool was unbroken. Such careful, deliberate manufacturing requires both skill and experience and is less often encountered in bone tool assemblages either before or after the Late Neolithic in Europe. These strict rules of raw material choice and manufacture are typical of what has elsewhere been described as planned or Class I objects (CHOYKE 1997b, 2001). Use wear: This is an almost new tool in total contrast to the previous awl described above. The marks of the cutting, percussion, grinding and scraping are clearly visible because there is almost no handling polish, even at the base end. The marks of manufacture are only obscured at the tip Re-working: There is no evidence of re-working and the tip is completely intact. The bone surface is only very slightly weathered, suggesting that it had lain exposed on the surface for only a short time. This object must have been in use for a relatively short period before it was discarded. It has a relatively delicate tip, easily broken so it can be assumed it was not used in hide-working where the tool would be punched through but more likely it was used as a sewing awl or perhaps as a kind of pin-beater in weaving. Even the extremely fine tip is still intact. 3. Small point without epiphysis: (Schibler type 1/7, 1981). Measurements: GL= 58.0 mm; GB= 15.6 mm; GD= 8.5 mm; LSD= 6.3 mm; Btip= 2.0 mm; Dtip= 29.7 mm. Large ruminant tibia diaphysis fragment (Figure 4a). Upper part feature 1. Manufacturing technique: The raw material for this tool was chosen opportunistically from bone broken for marrow during food processing. The natural point was enhanced by grinding with an abrasive material like sandstone to create a fine point. Such tools may be found in all prehistoric periods in Hungary although such very fine points are more typical of Neolithic assemblages. Elsewhere, I have described such tools as ad hoc or Class II (CHOYKE 1997b, 2001). Use wear: Both the outside and medullary surfaces of the diaphysis are lightly polished from handling and the manufacturing marks of grinding are obscured at the tip. The tip was broken suggesting the awl was used with some punching motion through a thicker material. The use wear that is visible does not suggest long term use over many years. The tool was discarded when it was still usable. Re-working: The surface of this ad hoc tool has a slightly weathered surface impeding good observation. Clear marks of recent re-working can be observed at the tip resulting in its somewhat exaggerated shape. The tip was broken but the tool continued to be used as evidenced by the polished rounded edges of the transverse break at the tip. 98