Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 24/3. (1997) (Szombathely, 1997)

Marton Erzsébet: Régészeti park volt Velemben

MARTON ERZSÉBET: RÉGÉSZETI PARK VOLT VELEMBEN now Reinecke's typology is the well known and basic method for the Hungarian investigations. After the 2

nd World War the „new generation" was fond of the English school, in the centre of Mr. G. Childe's thesis, who visited Hungary in the fifties. All the people red his book „The Dawn of Civilisation" and his Aegean diffusion theory were extremely favourite here. Mr. Bandi also connected to him - theoretically. The archaeologists of Eastern Europe, they could not be contact to English and American specialists discussing problems personally in the seventies. And we were far as well from the new archaeology, the new laboratories, the non destructive methods and testing! On the other hand we were rich in ethnographic material, this is our cultural heritage: the small pottery workshops, the textile manufactories, the smiths, the weavers, the peasants of Balcany and Eastern Europe. They used them, when they built up the plastered houses in Velem-St. Vid similar to our houses in the ,Puszta" on Hungarian Great Plain. This is also directed us to the experimental archaeology based on archaeological and ethnographic evidences. (See I. Poroszlai's article in this issue.) The Experimental Archaeology Reynolds says: „In effect experiment is central to the practice of experimental archaeology, it is the argument which allows progress, which forces re-appraisal and change, which focuses upon anomalies and absurdities. Experiment is no more than the application of deductive logic reinforced by physical testing. Without experiment archaeology would stagnate into endless repetition and unquestioned typologies. Interpretations, theories and hypotheses, it barely matters which term is employed, must be challenged, explored, tested before they become folkloric fact entrenched in accepted wisdom." In Europe series of archaeological parks established by archaeologists and ethnographists from the sixties. In Denmark, in the UK, in the Netherlands, in Switzerland, Germany, France, Spain, Austria and Hungary. In Hungary we have parks from several periods as well. These are as follows: Prehistory Velem St. Vid (1980), Százhalombatta (the Museum of the year 1997 prize), Roman Period Tác-Gorsium, Nemesvámos-Balácapuszta, Savaria, Aquincum, A would-be park in Campona (Nagytétény) . Hungarian Conquestion Period Somogyfajsz, Szarvasgede Archaeological-ethnographic park Ópusztaszer - National Memory Park Ethnographic parks Nyíregyháza-Sóstó, Museum Village (the Museum of the year prize 1996) Szentendre, Open Air Museum Szombathely, Vas Museum Village Tihany, Open Air Museum Pityerszer-Szalafő, Museum Village Zalaegerszeg, Göcsej Museum Village There is only one common concept in these parks: the conservation restoration and enhance of our archaeological-ethnographic heritage. On the other hand they are basically different from each other. Few of them are real restorated villages, workshops, historical monuments. The other consists of constructed houses with their environment based on archaeological evidences. This is the main task of the experimental and environmental archaeology, and that is why we try to rebuild Velem-St. Vid, while we are working ön the archaeological park in Százhalombatta. Summerising the parks here, the future's task is to coordinate and keep together this conglomeration (BALASSA 1998). Experiment, No.l. Weaving on the vertical warp weighted loom with ring-shaped weights In 1998 summer I made a weaving experiment in my hometown modelling the weaving process in the Late BronzeEarly Iron Age of Velem St. Vid, with the copies of the loom weights excavated in Velem district (excavated material 417