Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 24/3. (1997) (Szombathely, 1997)

Kulcsár Gabriella: Kora bronzkori belső díszes talpas tálak a Dunántúlon

SAVARIA 24/3 (1998-1999) PARS ARCHAEOLOGICA THE EARLY BRONZE AGE INTERNALLY DECORATED BOWLS FROM THE TRANSDANUBIA The internally decorated bowls on hollow stems are typical representations of the Hungarian Early Bronze Age Transdanubian late Vucedol, Makó-Kosihy-Caka and Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture pottery. In this article we describe four bowls and several other fragments of this type from Somogy and Tolna counties (CatNr. 25-27; 42; Tab. I. 25-27,42). The bowl with quadrilateral hollow stem from Zamárdi (Somogy county) (Tab. t. 42; tab. VI.) based on the stem shape belongs to the Caka type, but the internal patterns profile it closer to the bowls found at the SouthEastern Transdanubian territory of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The currently published bowls from the Nagyvejke-Réti szántók (25-27; Tab. I. 25-27) and the still unpublished bowl from an unknown site in Tolna county (41) are representing those bowls. Typologically the 3. bowl from Nagyvejke without internal decorations (27; Tab. I. 27) belongs to the group of bowls with stems (Nagyvejke (24; Tab. III. 24), Pécs-Nagyárpád (Tab. III. 29)). Based on the now described findings from Nagyvejke, the previously published findings and the additional metallic findings of flat chiels and a Kozarac type socketed axe we can characterise another significant settlement of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. We describe further small findings from Somogy county, that increase the number of sites of the SomogyvárVinkovci culture in the Northern Somogy county. These findings are mainly strayfinds (1; 2; 5; 10; 12; 13; 21; 28) and the fragments of internally decorated bowls indicate early sites of the culture (14; 30; 36; 37). From these new sites distinguishes itself the naming place of the culture: Somogyvár-Kupavárhegy (35). The findings under processing unambiguously identify a wide settlement of the late Vucedol and the early Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The catalogue of the internally decorated bowls are based on the published results, so this could not be whole and complete (CatNr. 1-76.). We discuss the bowls in the following categories: 1. late Vucedol (Vucedol-C) period and Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture (1^3; Tab. II—III.): 2- Makó-Kosihy-Caka culture (44-65; Tab. IV.); 3. culturally uncertain findings (66-76). The earliest usage of the internally decorated bowls in the Transdanubia can be shown in the Southern-Eastern Transdanubian territories of the late Vucedol culture. These fragments are known from all the larger settlements of this territory (6, 7, 9, 17, 43). Later traces of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture appear at the known sites of the Vucedol-Zók culture. In some settlements the signs of transition of the two culture could be noticed, indicated also by the late Vucedol connected internally decorated bowls (Pécs-Nagyárpád [29], Sé-Malomi-dűlő [32]). Internally decorated bowls are known only from the settlements of the Transdanubian territory of the SomogyvárVinkovci culture. The most common types are the internally decorated cylindrical, hollow stem bowls (I.a type) and the inside-outside, frequently rim decorated, cylindrical, hollow stem bowls (II. type). The decoration of these bowls also related to the earlier observed late Vucedol motifs (eg. Gyulaj-Banyahegy [9], Pécs-Nagyárpád [29], SéMalomi-dűlő [32], further Börzónce [3]). The decoration of the bowls continuously become more simple (Szava [38], Lengyel [18]). Known example of this simplification is the circular, omitted cross pattern base motif of the late Vucedol culture (eg. Lánycsók-Égettmalom [17], Zók-Várhegy [43]), which appears in a more simple form in the bowls of the I.a type (eg. Nagyvejke [25-26], Tolna county [41]). Interesting fact is the small number of the cross-shaped stems bowls (Polány [30], Szombathely [39]). Above the Zamárdi bowl (42) there was no known quadrilateral hollow stem bowl in the whole area of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The chalice from the Lengyel settlement (18/2) both based on its shape and its decoration differs from the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. Fragments of internally decorated bowls are known from all regions of the Northern Transdanubian territory of the Makó-Kosihy-Öaka culture (KALICZ - KALICZ-SCHREIBER 1997, Abb. 1.), but more frequent in the more intensively researched territories. Similarly to the other territories of the Makó culture, the internally decorated bowls in the Transdanubia are considered as vessel of cremation graves and also can be found in settlements. The late Vucedol-type solid, cross-shaped stem fragments from Hidegség (66) and the early Makó-type hollow and solid cross-shaped stem fragments are categorised as the earliest bowl fragments from the Transdanubian territory of the Makó culture (44, 52, 72, 60). Later, as a kind of chronological difference, the shallow globular bowls with a flat knob under the rim and the truncated conical and cylindrical hollow stem bowls became common (DunaszentpálBolgányi Str. [51; Tab. IV. 51], Nagydém-Felsőrépáspuszta [54; Tab. IV. 54], Nemesvámos [55/2; Tab. IV. 55/2], Tata-Tófarok [61; Tab. IV. 61]). Infrequently rectangular stem blows also appeared (Budapest, III .-Aranyhegyi Str. [49, Tab. IV. 49]; Nemesvámos [55/1-3, Tab. IV. 55/1-3]; Táp-Borbapuszta [62, Tab. IV. 62]). In some cases it is not possible to identify the stem type of the bowls (Bajna-Tsz major [46]). Most of the internally decorated 132