Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 23/3. (1996-1998) (Szombathely, 1998)

Őskor - Marton Erzsébet: A Velem Szent Vid-i magyar-francia ásatás eredményei (1989–1991)

SAV ARIA 23/3 (1996-1997) PARS ARCHAEOLOGICA phase HaC-D. Other pottery types are common forms of late urnfield date. The spindle also dates to the early Iron Age. The „terminus post quern" here is the beginning of HaC. After the major building phase fire and destruction came. The large timbers were buried underneath the Celtic rampart, the beaten earth floor was also partly destroyed by this rampart. 3. The stoves The earliest remains here were discovered on the natural surface and comprised a stove or possibly a small furnace. The pottery from the oven base is not diagnostic. A „terminus ante quern" is provided by material overlying the structure which is of HA2 date. 4. Pit from HaD2 period Above the intact portion of the floor a large pit was found containing material which dates to HaD2. (Str. Unit 11. T. 11-12.) The ceramic assemblage comprised mostly Hallstatt material although there was also a La Tène component. The Hallstatt material contained: - a fragment from a dark grey, rough, graphite coated, barrel-shaped pot with a knob; a fragment of a small red bowl with an inverted slanted and fluted rim; 2 fine black graphite coated and knobbed handles - „ansa cornuta"; a large clay weight, small clay rings, a small shale ring, a pear-shaped spindle. - a carved bone object, a fragment from a small bronze plate, an embossed bronze plate of hemisphere shape with a small rivet, a small bronze rivet, a fragmentary iron blade, the iron socket of a knife or spear head, iron nails and a whetstone. Conclusion The earliest occupation at Velem is represented by ceramics of the Early (Rb C) and Late Tumulus culture (Rb D), which were found in the layers of the Celtic rampart. (See ann. 38.) Within the stratigraphy of the La Tène rampart, ceramics of Late Tumulus culture are associated with types characteristic of the early Urnfield culture (Baierdorf-Velatice type). The earliest levels of the houses found in the terraces excavated by G. Bándi and M. Fekete can be characterised by material from the same period - for example jewellery of the local bronze age culture (pendants, and the mould of a belt buckle). The earliest settlement on the hill at Velem occurs on the NE slope, between the southern and northern corners of the lower terrace. The problem is with the burials superimposed above the stoves. At present the only thing that we are able to do with some confidence is to provide a date for the deposit before the HA2-HB1 period somewhere around 1000 ВС. The habitation continued in the HaD period from which we have a large HaD2 pit contained some analogies of Miske's collection of ceramics and bronzes, and so called „Vekerzug-Scythian types" as well, around 550 ВС. (See T. 11-14.) Celtic tribes arrived at the site, and Velem once more appears to be a prosperous settlement with its ramparts rebuilt on a major scale, between 60-50 ВС. Erzsébet MARTON Kulturális Örökség Igazgatósága H-1053 Budapest, Magyar u. 40. E-mail: martone@koi.hu 62