Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 17-18. (1983-1984) (Szombathely, 1989)

Természettudomány - Kiss Tamás: Autökológia és indikáció. Kritikai elemzés a zuzmók indikátor szerepéről

Pollution" Proceedings of the First European Congress on the Influence of Air Pollution on Plants and Animals, pp. 79-85. Szőcs, Z. 1972: Néhány sokváltozós analízis botanikai alkalmazásáról I. Bevezetés. - Bot. Közlem. 59: 181-186. Szőcs, Z. 1973: Néhány sokváltozós analízis botanikai alkalmazásáról II. A sokváltozós analízisek általános jellemzése. - Bot. Közlem. 60: 29-34. Szőcs, Z. 1979: New computer-oriented methods for the study of natural and simulated vegetation structure. - In: „Multivariate Methods in Ecological Work". Eds.: L. Orlóci, С. R. Rao and W. M. Stiteler. pp. 301-308. Intern. Co-operative Publ. House, Fairland, Maryland. Tobler, F. 1925: Biologie der Flechten. - Berlin. Trümpener, E. 1926: Über die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionkonzentration für die Verbreitung von Flechten. - Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42: 321-354. Vaarna, V. V. 1934: Helsinginkaupunginpuidenjapensaidenjakalakavisto.-Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. - Bot. Fenn. „Vanamo" 5/6/ : 1-32. Vareschi, V. 1953: La Influencia de los Bosques y Parques sobre el Aire de la Ciudad de Caracas. - Acta Ci. Venez. 4: 89-95. Will-Wolf, S. 1980: Structure of corticolous lichen communities before and after exposure to emissions from a „Clean" Coal-Fired Generating Station. - The Bryologist 83: 281-296. Wolff, E. 1871-1880: Aschenanalysen. - Berlin. AUTECOLOGY AND INDICATION A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT THE INDICATOR ROLE OF LICHENS T. KISS Since the end of the nineteenth century the lichens and mosses have been used as monitors of environmental conditions. The presence of the indication principle is observable in some earlier publications, too (Nylander 1866, Arnold 1891-1901 etc.). The main reasons of the extinction of the lichen thalli from the cities were early recognized - for example by Horwood (1907) - but the starting point of the intensive researches dates back only to the fifties of this century - e.g. Butin (1954) - when important results were also achieved on the field of lichen physiology. The researches were carried out in special unusual ecological systems, in towns and their surroundings, which were less known at that time. Several methodical problems would have risen during the examination of the harmful effects of the air pollution to the lichen flora or to the lichen communities, but beside some important studies - e.g. Mattick (1937), Felföldy (1941) - the researches were made in autecological point of view. The applied methods were rather subjective. We could not find any other field in the ecology where the autecology would have played such a ruling role than in the epiphytic ecology. Locking for the reasons we have to recognize that the starting points are in the coenology. The plant ecology which was in a vigorous progression, at the beginning of the twentieth century, offered an obvious solution ; the quantitative and qualitative methods using in the coenological and ecological analysis of the terrestrial communities must be adopt. In consequence of this the lichen coenology derives from the classical coenological schools. The works of Gams (1918, 1932), Braun-Blanquet (1926, 1928, 1951, 1964) and Raunkiaer (1907) had the greatest effect on the lichen coenology. 23