Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 16. (1982) (Szombathely, 1983)
Fr Kőszegi: World history and the Urnfield culture
well as in the Carpathian Basin as elsewhere in central and southneastem Europe. For example the early Urnfield development can be observed in the western part of the Basin, in the circle of itihe central Danulbian local groups which show up more or less in a similar way as we have experienced in the proitoCaka phase of western Slovakia. This is aibout the finds of the first phase of the Transdanulbian Urnfield culture which ane marked iby such sites as Csatorendek, Csersaegtomarj Farkasgyepü, Jánosháza, the upper level of the Siklós brickyard, Nyergesujfalu —Danube bank, Koroncó—Bábota cemetery, Sárbogárd, etc. 22 Without getting involved in the analysis of the characteristic material culture of this period we must refer to the fact that the leading finds are surprisingly identical with the bronzes of the Italian Besdhiera and the south German Riegsee bronzes. Daggers of an identification of A. R. Peroni as В and C, furthermore the Rixheim type daggers, different early knife types, the flange hilted swords defined as types I/a and Il/a, special spear heads, the solid, heavy bracelets of engraved or ribbed decoration, different early pins belong here primarily. The pottery of this phase is also characterized by shape .and ornament changes compared to the earlier tones which are worth to mention. Certain elements of the pottery material of Transdanulhia slhow surprising similarities, among others, with the Austrian Berzogenburg, Leobersdorff and the foundplaces of the north Croatian Vdrovitica circle with the south Moravian Blucina and circle and of course with the already mentioned western Slovakian proto —Caka. Signs of a parallel development can be experienced east of the Danube looking either at the late Piliny culture or the southern plains Csórva and its circle. 23 All these undoubtedly prove that elements of the Urnf ield development have been in existence in the decades prior to the turn of the 12th century В. C. and these phenomena suggest most certainly economic and social .conditions of a changing tendency. Referring to those fighter graves, relatively rich in weaponry, which all over the Transdanubian .area project the definition of the most characteristic stratum, the professional soldier, represent only a single momentum of these changes. We know of such (burials among others from Csaibrendek, Nagykanizsa—Alsóerdő, Mosonszentjános, Bakonyszücs —'Százhalom, Törökbálint, Csögle, Pénzesgyőr. May be it is not accidental that these types of graves are dense in the Bakony region where the typical tumulus burials of the later Tumul'us culture suggest the most important ethnic components of the earlier Urnfield people of Trainsdanubia. 24 Sings of the same 'development can be discovered at the same time in the eastern region of the Carpathian Basin, more so even further east and south as well. In fact it is the region we talked about earlier where the northern Thracians, or close ethnic groups learning to know the Mediterraenean civilization started to open their wings. We are witness to the creation of a special southeastern lEuropean Urnfield culture mixed with specific elements of the Steppe where possibly those fighters .meant a determining factor who returned home, armored with experience with a rich loot from their adventuresome undertakings. And practically without any transition we are in the middle of the next phase of the Urnfield development which could ibe called the age of the vessels ornamented with wide, slanted fluting, considering only pottery characteristics. This pottery had distributed so wide in southern and southeastern Europe with 29
