Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 13. (Szekszárd, 1986)

Janusz K. Kozlowski: The Late Lengyel-Polgár Groups in Poland

Jordanow in Silesia. The distinctly separate character of this group rests in the Malice tradition which introduced frequent incised and impressed designs mostly on rims and the deflected body of vessels (PI. 10). Evolutional tendencies in the Brzesc Kujawski group relate to technology (strong clay is replaced by clay with inclusions of thick grit and mica) and stylistics (bigger number of amphorae replacing bowls, more frequent lugs, gradual disappearance of pottery decoration). Next to chronological differentiations there are also territorial variants, that is besides the classical Kujawy group (referred to as the Krusza group after the locality of Krusza Zamkowa), the Siciny group (Siciny) was distinguished on the middle Oder (PI. 11). It corresponds to the formerly isolated Gora group. The latter's taxonomic position has been defined by W. Wojciechowski (1972) as subordinate to the Brzeác-Kujawski group. In this subgroup incised and impressed designs of a variety of motifs and configurations occur with greater frequency. Within the Brzeác Kujawski group a preference can be seen to choose microregions with „black soils" found in Kujawy and Great Poland. In these areas large settlement agglomerations were formed. They consisted of large trapezoidal post buildings with associated economic and production activity zones. Investigations in Krusza Zamkowa and Brzesc Kujawski, where settlements were associated with cemeteries, have shown that they were inhabited by groups of 50-60 people who used a land rotation system. In their breeding economy cattle was of more importance while the role of goats and sheep diminished (Czerniak 1980, Cofta-Broniewska, Kosko 1982). Lithic artefacts suggest that the Brzeác Kujawski communities were fairly isolated since the import of raw materials from Little Poland almost ceased. Erratic flint was quarried. In the late phase of the Brzeác Kujawski group „chocolate" flint occurs again. Copper artefacts indicate links with the „western" Lengyel province e.g. the Stollhof type plaques, bracelets from sheet copper, partially twisted bracelets, double spiral and rectangular pendents. Such objects occur in the earliest copper horizon e.g. in hoards of the type of Stollhof-Male Levare-KQinsko (Jazdzewski 1972). They indicate a late chronological position of the latest phase of the Brzeáó Kujawski group confirmed as well by ceramics decorated by „Furchenstich" ornament (Krusza Zamkowa, pit 318). The reconstruction of the disintegration process of the Brzesc Kujawski group requires further research. Similarly, the relation of this group to epi-palaeolithic communities in the Lowlands (which can be supported by bone ornaments i.e. incised diadems PI. 12) as well as the possible role of this group in the formation of the Spherical Amphorae culture - which seems to continue a number of Brzesc Kujawski traditions - should be investigated. SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND In South Eastern Poland the early horizon of the culture units under discussion is taken up entirely by the Malice culture. It is known in the vicinity of Rzeszów (Rzeszów-Piastów), near Przemyál (Fredropol, Komarnica) and recently in the Lublin region (Las Stocki 7, Zakoscielna 1984). The assumption that the Malice culture may have longer persisted in this area 302