Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 13. (Szekszárd, 1986)

Janusz K. Kozlowski: The Late Lengyel-Polgár Groups in Poland

the effect of the impact of the Pleszów group from Little Poland. Assemblages of the Zarzyca type are chronologically equivalent of at least part of the Ocice group. In these assemblages ceramic elements predominate linked with the Unpainted phase of the Lengyel culture (amphorae, bowls and beakers on a hollow pedestal), in common with the Modlnica, Ocice and Gatersleben groups. At the same time, the assemblage from pit 3 (PL 9) shows the presence of Late Lengyel elements (e.g. ceramics decorated with „Furchenstich" ornament) and the Jordanów elements (fragments of a jar with the ribbon lug, amphoralike vessels with two cylindrical lugs between the neck and the belly - O. Prus 1982). In view of this some of the Zarzyca assemblages can be interpreted as transition assemblages from the Unpainted Lengyel to the Jordanów culture. Similarly, the lithic inventory (Lech 1982) shows transitional features from the earlier to the later phase of the Lengyel complex. Moreover, Lower Silesia yielded materials closer to the Moravian Unpainted Ware, phase II or lib. These include the unpublished finds from Gniechowice obtained in the course of investigations by Romanov such as, typical for Moravian ceramics, vessels with smooth black (the so-called terra nigra) or brownish (pseudoterra sigillata) surfaces. At the turn of the IV and III millenium b.c. in Lower Silesia the Jordanów group develops. Its probably separate origins, which may have been connected with western complexes, are not clear. Although the ocurrence of Jordanów elements in assemblages of the Unpainted Lengyel Ware in Zarzyca may suggest a phyletic link beetween the two units, yet, the finds from Zarzyca site do not fully corroborate the transitions of Unpainted Lengyel into the Jordanów culture. In a similar way, the appearance of Jordanów elements at the end of phase lib of the Moravian Painted Ware does not prove the local evolution of the two units. The Jordanów culture was known in Poland only from old investigations by Seger at the eponymic site. Only recently a larger settlement complex of this culture has been discovered in Mary Tyniec near Wroclaw (Górecka, Noworyta 1977, 1980). This made a more thorough study possible, concerning the typology of ceramics (classical amphorae with two handles, conical and hemispherical bowls, vases with two lugs, biconical vessels, square mouthed conical bowls on a short or tall hollow pedestal), and ornamental motifs (first of all an abundance of incised motifs, impressed ornaments, strokes, channelling and bosses). Lithic artefacts (including blade hoards discovered in Mary Tyniec and Dobkowice) show that raw materials were constituted almost exclusively of local deposits of erratic flint in Silesia. The dimensions of blades ascribe the Jordanów lithic industry to the period subsequent to the appearance of big blades. An important contribution to establish the chronological position of the Jordanów culture are copper artefacts. They are affiliated with the first copper horizon in Central Europe, corresponding to the horizon of hoards of copper artefacts of the type Stollhof-Male Levare-Hlinsko (Pavelcik 1979). The cemetery in Jordanów yielded partially twisted bracelets, double spiral pendants, rectangular and cylindrical beads. This horizon covers primarily the latest „western" groups representing the Lengyel tradition (phases Lengyel V/VI in western Slovakia and Moravia) which contain ceramics decorated with „Furchenstich" ornament. To these belongs also the Jordanów culture whose chronological position falls at the turn of the IV and III millenium BC. 300