Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 12. (Szekszárd, 1984)
Bácskay Erzsébet–T. Bíró Katalin: Summary
16 seemingly deliberately selected sample, as we have already hinted at above. Still, the present quality allows us to draw some outlines on the lithic supply. The bulk of the material comes from the nearest source of good quality raw material, the Upper Jurassic radiolarian flint of the Mecsek mountains. This flint occurs mainly in the vicinity of Komló, Hosszúhetény, Magyaregregy etc, in great quantities. The characteristic colour of these flint pieces extend from a greenishbluish grey with silky-greasy lustre to a brownish red, „mauve" colured variety. Quite often, the siliceous and calcareous parts have a gradual transition, so the seemingly limy parts were equallly used for toolmaking. Most of the types characteristic of the Lengyel site especially were made from the Mecsek flint, that we may consider local. These types are the flake-scrapers with extremely steep retouch, most of the borers and the saws. Still from the territory of the Lengyel culture, flint varieties of the Transdanubian Middle Mountains (most likely, Bakony Mountains) are guite frequent in the assemblage. The characteristic types are „Szentgál type", „Úrkút-Eplény type", (2) and the simple reddish brown, livercoloured radiolarian flint of the Middle Jurassic. These flint types were obviously more appreciated than the local flint: implements of these flint types are generally microlithic and with more delicate working compared to the local flint tools. The most extensive group of raw material that can be associated cleary with import is the obsidian. The amount of obsidian implements is in itself meaningful (8,5% of the examined material, 5,6% using Wosinsky's data). Obsidian comes most likely from the Tokaj-Eperjes Mts; the macroscopic observation of the pieces suggest that they belong to the transparent-translucent Carpathian I. type, with only one piece from the Carpathian II. sources (1) Carpathian I. type obsidian occurs in the SE parts of Slowakia, while Carpathian II. type is found around Tolcsva and Erdőbénye, NE Hungary. Both of these are obviously outside the territory of the Lengyel people. The typological features of the obsidian industry are very different from that of the general impressions of the site (fig. 9.). The sample consists almost exclusively of tiny bladelets and microcores used to the extremes. The amount of obsidian on the site is the highest from the Transdanubian Lengyel culture sites we had the possibility to examine. Among the raw material types occuring in small quantities it seems sensible to mention a coarse grained ofíwhite quarzite nucleus for blades, a type of raw material characteristic of the coarse blades of the Lengyel sites. The blades of this material found in the Mórágy and Becsehely assemblages generally had an oblique sicklegloss. Besides the above mentioned raw materials, pieces of limnic quarzite, chalcedony, and „Dniestr flint" could be found among the implements. This latter is of particular importance; this material might be regarded as the most distant link towards the NE. The most characteristic piece of this material (fig. 1/1) is a relatively long and narrow blade with scattered retouch; both the type and the raw material is characteristic of the Early Copper Age Tiszapolgár culture (3). This can be regarded among the „young elements" of the site, together with the fact, that typical raw materials of the Early Lengyel sites like Becsehely and Sé are missing here. These raw materials (Tevel type flint, represented by one piece only, and the mottled grey flint) are presumably of western, southwestern origin, and their absence might be meaningful. However, an elaboration of the whole material, if possible, should be performed for sake of a more realistic picture.
