Szabó Sarolta (szerk.): Hagyomány és változás a népi kultúrában.(Jósa András Múzeum Kiadványai 58. Nyíregyháza, 2005)
RÉGÉSZET - Pálóczi Horváth András: Az alföldi későközépkori lakóházak: vázszerkezetek és falazatok
In our classification, the most frequent type is the structure resting on piles (128 building, 67 %). Within this category, the pillars combined with wattle and daub were the dominant type (103 buildings, 54 %, occuring at 58 % of the archeological sites). This building technique was used in the Plains since the Neolithic age. Naturally, the method was widely used in the time of the House of Árpád (11 th —13 th centuries) as well. They first used the method for the construction of churches, manors and fortified buildings, and it was in the 13 th and 14 th centuries that it began to spread as a way of constructing dwelling houses. During the same period, the houses recessed into the ground (pit houses) ceased to be dominant, and the house built fully above the ground level became the most common type. In the destroyed late mediaeval villages (Túrkeve-Móric, Szentkirály), only this type of dwelling house has been found, and many of the auxiliary buildings also belonged to this type. As suggested by official documents dated in the 16 th and 17 th centuries, this construction method was commonly used along Tisza River and between the Tisza and Duna. Even in the second half of the 19 th century, houses were still built in this style. Our archeological findings also include houses the framework of which consisted of piles, but the framework supported different types of walls. In the mediaeval market towns of Mohi and Ete the majority of the houses had a supporting frame of piles, but the walls were not the wattle and daub type. The walls were made of mud or reed, and it is difficult to identify the finishing material precisely. The floor level of the houses at Ete were lowered into the ground, and in these houses and the cellars there was most likely a coating of planks applied on the piles. The sole timber, wide-spread in other parts of the country, also appeared between the Danube and the Tisza (Nyársapát) in the 15 th century. This house had a wattle and daub wall. There are data about some sort of a wooden structure from several places, but no complete log buildings have been found. Stone as a building material is scarce in this area. Between the Danube and the Tisza Holocenic sandstone was used as material to construct churches and to lay the foundations of other houses. Sometimes stone houses were built with a cellar, but in the mediaeval rural society it was only the local landlord and priest who were able to build such a house (Tatárszentgyörgy-Baracs).
