Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 56. (Nyíregyháza, 2014)
Régészet - Gulyás Gyöngyi: Késő szarmata temetőrészletek Óföldeák-Ürmös II. lelőhelyen (M43-as autópálya 10. lelőhely)
Gulyás Gyöngyi Late Sarmatian cemetery parts at Óföldeák-Ürmös II (Motorway М43, Site 10) In the autumn of 2008 we conducted preventive excavation on the section of Motorway M43 between Makó and Oföldeák, at Site 10. The site situated in an area called Ürmös south of Oföldeák, significantly exceeded the borders of the motorway track under construction (Tab. I: 1). Beside settlement features we investigated 48 graves (6 with open surrounding ditches, 1 with closed ditch and 41 burials without ditches), one closed surrounding ditch and details of two graves with open surrounding ditches. Burials were situated in three groups at different parts of the excavated territory (Tab. 1: 2, Tab. II). Burial rites. Most part of the burials found at the site was oriented SE-NW. Graves of group 2 deviate from the general orientation (NW-SE), so we consider them to be irregular. In one third of the burials we found dark brown or blackish brown traces of coffins and in one case were able to record a coherent coffin lid (Tab. XXV: 9). Most part of coffin burials (Fig. 1) has not got iron parts, only from the soil of grave 4, S- and C-shaped iron coffin clamps were found (Tab. XI: 7, Tab. XVI: 2-3, 5, 7, Tab. XVIII: 7, Tab. XXIII: 2-4). Out of 48 graves, human remains were found in 45 burials, there were no bones in 3 graves. Out of 45 burials 17 belonged to men, 13 to women and 16 to children (Fig. 2). 77 percent of the graves were partly or completely looted and in many cases animal burrows must have disturbed the graves. The degree of looting varied in different grave-groups (Fig. 7). At the site we found 10 burials surrounded by ditches. Among them 5 (SNR 122, 135, 158, 161,214) had an entrance at the SE side, while in 3 cases (SNR 126, 232, 240) we can just suggest the direction of the entrance, because only sections hardly deepening into the subsoil remained. At grave-group 1 and 3, part of a closed ditch (SNR 143, 204) came to light. The exterior diameter of the open ditches was between 7—11.5 m, their entrance was 80—135 cm wide. The exterior diameter of the closed ditches, measured in W-E direction was 9 and 13 m. Female and child costume. In 7 female graves (Tab. VII: 2, Tab. XVIII: 1, Tab. XXI: 6, Tab. XXXII: 6, Tab. XXXIV: 4-5) and in 2 child graves (Tab. VIII: 2-3) earrings with loop-and-hook ending or fragments of ring parts were found. In two graves belonging to 6-7 year old girls, there were closed neckrings with round cross-section, one of them made of bronze, the other of silver (Tab. VIII: 6, Tab. XVII: 1). We recorded bead necklaces or, perhaps, beads sewn onto the upper part of the dress in several graves. In 11 burials(SNR 141, 124,131,140, 176,182,200,219,221,238,239) beads of different materials were found on the clavicle, vertebrae and under the mandible. The most frequent bead type of necklaces here was coral and glass. One of the fanciest necklace comes from grave SNR 182, where the string of 25 amber beads was enriched by 9 glass beads of different colour and shape and several pendants (Tab. XVII: 4-9). Brooches and their parts were found in 11 female and 6 child graves. These are one- and two-piece brooches with inverted foot characteristic for the Middle and Late Sarmatian Age (e.g. Tab. VIII: 4, Tab. XI: 5, Tab. XXXII: 8, Tab. ХХХШ: 2). From grave SNR 221 a fragment of a box brooch (Dosenfibel) came to light: a bronze base covered with golden sheet decorated with granulation (Tab. XXVII: 7). We recorded bronze bracelets in 3 graves (Tab. XVIII: 5-6, Tab. XXI: 4, Tab. XXXIV: 8), bead bracelet or decoration of the dress sleeve in the graves of 3 women (SNR 200, 239, 262) and 5 girls (SNR 141, 124, 131,140,230). In the graves of 2 women (Tab. XXI: 5, Tab. XXVIII: 4) and 2 girls (Tab. VI: 10, Tab. XXX: 7) belt buckles were found, among which 3 were cast of bronze and one made of iron. In grave SNR 221 above the 70
