Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)
A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - Sorin Bulzan: Császárkori (II-III. századi) telep a Berettyó völgyében Margine/Széltalló, "Valea Tániei-Tarina+ (Bihar megye, Románia)
Migration period finds from Margum: a possible interpretation О Fig. 2 Margum: finds from the cemetery and a stray find (after Dimitrijevic et al. 1962., Trbuhovic 1988.) 2. kép Margum: sírleletek és szórványok (Dimitrijevic et al. 1962., Trbuhovic 1988. alapján) simple armrings cast in bronze, of the type which is commonly dated to the 5th and 6th centuries and attributed to Germanic population (Dimitrijevic et al. 1962. 119, Fig. 1) (Fig. 2: 1). However, Milinkovic was right again when he expressed certain reservations in connection with such attribution (Milinkovic 1998. 209). Two more finds from earlier excavations have been attributed to 5th century Germans: an undecorated bone comb and a cicada fibula cast in silver (Dimitrijevic et al. 1962. 119, Fig. 2) (Fig. 2: 3). It was noted that this brooch was an example of fine craftsmanship and that it probably belonged to the Ostrogoths, who may have represented the earlier Germanic foederati in Margum (Milinkovic 1998. 210). According to more recent literature, such brooches are dated mainly from the middle of the 5th to the beginning of the 6th century (cf. Ivanisevic et al. 2006. 17, Tejral 2008. 258-261, Fig. 9). Especially interesting is the already mentioned appliqué with a cross-like ending. It was long ago dated to the 5th century. In the more recent, thorough analysis it was concluded that the appliqué resembles the Anglo-Saxon cross-like brooches, the Borgstedt-Rothwell type in particular, dated to the middle and the second half of the 5th century. As the object was cast in bronze, with unfinished back and both ends perforated for rivets, it is obvious that this appliqué was a decoration of a wooden box or of some similar object (Milinkovic 1998. 210-211, PI. 43: 2). Four graves excavated in the 1989-1990 campaigns are of particular interest to us. Grave pits 7, 15, 16 and 17 were dug in west-east direction. The skulls of the deceased were not deformed. In the article of Aleksandar Jovanovic and Mladjan Cunjak, the graves were attributed to the Gepids who settled at this strategic point, probably in the status of Byzantine foederati. It is believed, then, that they had settled there even before 568, and the fact that their graves were positioned in the same area as the Byzantine ones was taken as a supporting argument. So, the authors discussed the possibility that the series of brick-built graves with no grave-goods may have belonged to the 6th century burial horizon (Jovanovic-Cunjak 1994. 120, 122). We may add that a few graves disregarded in previous analyses, oriented in the same way as the four determined as Gépid ones, most probably belonged to the same horizon. This cemetery is only partly explored, so the chances for forthcoming revision excavations look promising. Apart from the graves, two fragments of characteristic stamped pots found in Margum also testily to the presence of a 6th century Germanic population at the site (Zotovic 1994. 190). From grave 15 there are an iron spearhead and a wheel-made pot decorated with rhombic stamps arranged in the form of descending triangles (Figs. 3: 1,3). From grave 16 comes a wheelmade, burnished ceramic bottle, made from well-prepared and dark grey kiln-fired clay (Fig. 3: 2). In grave 17 there was a spatha, unusually pointed to the head of the deceased (Fig. 3: 4). This hammered double-edged sword, with its point missing and a grip ending in a pommel cast in bronze, is preserved to 71 cm length (Cunjak 1992.). To the same group of burials belongs grave 7 with modest inventory, consisting of a knife, an arrowhead and a simple buckle. Those finds were made of iron 469
