Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)
A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - Piotr Kaczanowski - Judyta Rodzinska-Nowak: Hunok lengyel földön - kísérlet az összefoglalásra
Sorin Bulzan 25-30 cm. The roof was supported by wooden pillars with postholes outside of the pit (Fig. 4). Clear evidences for fire installations were discovered only in three cases, by finding in situ the fireplace or charcoal and hole for ash (nos. 1,4 and 9). Many deepened structures preserved only fragments from the fireplaces: pieces of clay with imprint of pebbles on one side and smoothed surface on the other. Inside the dwellings fireplaces were destroyed, probably intentionally. Hence, these fragments could not have belonged to the walls of the houses, mostly daub with wooden imprints, which were not found in this type of constructions. The lack of the latter may indicate that these buildings were built of wood. The inside perimeter of the houses was small due to their dimensions (dwelling no. 2-4.70x3-3.40m; no. 5-3.70x2.36m; no. 7-2.10x3.14m;no. 8-3.36x2.74m; no. 9-2.60x3.56 m; no. 10-2.48x3.18 m). Inside the dwelling assemblages there were some oval pits used for storage and found near almost each dwelling. Other features had round shape, with diameters between 3 and 4.5 m. Some of them had entrances oriented towards the sunny side. In these cases, the structure often consisted of wooden pillars situated in the deepened surface and of clay or some perishable material. Sometimes the wooden pillars flanked the entrances and in some cases were integrated in surface structures (Fig. 3: 4, 5). Find material included pottery, some pieces of iron and mould stones. The majority of the pottery was wheel-made and contained pieces used for cooking or for food storage. The mould stones also had traces of food production (e.g. grinding cereals). Storage pits were rare in the settlement. They were replaced by the already mentioned features near the dwellings. At Margine “Valea Täniei”, but also in a wider area like the Upper Tisza Region, these buildings represent an important category of features of the Roman Period settlements, that can be characterised by the lack of storage pits (Istvánovits 1997. 726, Kotigorosko 1995. 116). In this way, the Margine settlement is different from the Late La Тёпе Dacian settlements or from those discovered in Sarmatian milieu where the majority of the features consist of storage pits. The structures with finds attesting to metallurgic activity (pieces of slag or iron blooms) are numerous, but only two of them can be directly related to workshops. The first one is an oval shaped building with several round and oval holes of different diameters (Fig. 5). Two of them were filled up with the same content, but the second one had a consistent structure because of the presence of pieces of iron slag or iron drops and a crucible. The second structure with traces of iron processing was also deepened, oval and elongated towards east. The E-W oriented long axis was almost 8 (7.98) m long, the short side was 4.5 m. It was the biggest deepened structure discovered at Margine. In the recently published settlement from Csengersima-Petea (Hungary, Romania) a similar feature was unearthed with blacksmith pincers that can refer to the workshop function of these structures (Gindele-Istvánovits 2009. 70, 251. feature SI4/1, PI. 218: 1, PI. 224: 1.) Several rectangular pits with burned edges were grouped by two or three and almost all of them, 26 of 28 researched were oriented NW-SE. Their usual stratigraphy showed a consistent level of wooden carbon covered by pieces of burned clay broken down from the side walls (Fig. 6). The dimensions of the pits vary between 0.80-1.10 m in length and 0.80-0.90 m in width. They were oriented in the same direction and, at the Margine site, in the same direction with the rectangular dwellings. On the settlement, dimensions vary from 0.80-1.10 to 0.80-0.90 m. In the Barbaricum of the Roman Period, these types of pits were found from the Ukraine in the north up to North- East Hungary and Barcäu valley to the south (Dumitra$cu 1979., Kotigorosko 1995. 116, Fig. 69, Fig. 70, Istvánovits 1997. 727 with references on the discoveries in Hungary, Matei-Stanciu 2000. 51, 57-58, 95sqq, Fig. 17, Figs 23-25, Figs 38^40, Gindele-Istvánovits 2009. 15-16, Figs 205-212). Their diffusion is almost general in the mentioned area, and similarly to Margine “Natu”, they 458
