Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)

A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - N. Ju. Limberis - I. I. Marchenko: Szarmata lovas sírja egy meót földvár temetőjében

New data concerning the cultural situation in the basin of the Upper San River

decorated with plastic applications (Madyda-Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja-Rodzinska-Nowak 2006a. Fig. 6: 3, 6-7, Fig. 8: 1-3, Fig. 9: 3-7) typical of the Dacian cultural complex in the Early Roman Period (Madyda-Legutko 1996. 61-63, Fig. 5). To the third group of ceramic materials from Pakoszówka we should include wheel-made vessels with smooth, effaceable surfaces (Fig. 3), represented mostly by thick-walled storage specimens (Madyda-Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja-Rodzinska-Nowak 2006a. 79, Fig. 4: 4-8). Most likely, this latter group should also be connected with the Dacian complex (Madyda-Legutko 1996. 77-78, 90-91, 107-108, Madyda-Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja 2001. 305-106, Madyda-Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja 2004, Kordecki-Okonski 1999. 212—213, Okonski 1999-2000. 153, 163-164).

In the above mentioned residential part of the settlement we should turn particular attention to the cluster of mutually intersecting features, consisting of two household pits (nos. 140 and 155) and a dwelling (semi-subterranean hut). In the youngest of the above features (140) a fragment of a mirror made of white metal, with perforated edge (dimension: 9.9 cm) was discovered. Such artefacts occur in the limes zone, both along the Danube and the Rhine border. In the Central European Barbaricum the concentration of such finds is recorded in Sarmatian milieu on the Great Hungarian Plain. In most cases, mirrors in question are dated to the transition between the Early and Late Roman Periods, that is to say, approximately to mid-2nd century AD, while specimens known from Sarmatian context are dated already to the 3rd century AD (Istvánovits—Kulcsár 1993., Varsik 1999., Niezabitowska 2004.). The above dating is consistent with the chronological position of other materials from the settlement in Pakoszówka, Site 1, which are dated to the transition between the Early and Late Roman Periods (Madyda-Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja-Rodzinska-Nowak 2006a. 81, Madyda-Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja—Rodzinska-Nowak 2009.).

The discovery of the Przeworsk Culture cemetery in Prusiek, Site 25 (Sanok District), brings new quality to the studies on the Roman Period in the territories on the San River (Madyda- Legutko-Pohorska-Kleja-Rodzinska-Nowak 2005., Madyda-Legutko-Rodzinska-Nowak-Zagórska-Telega 2006a., Madyda-Legutko-Rodzinska-Nowak-Zagórska-Telega 2006b., Madyda- Legutko-Rodzinska-Nowak-Zagórska-Telega 2007., Madyda-Legutko-Rodzinska-Nowak-Zagórska-Telega 2008., Madyda-Legutko—Rodzinska-Nowak—Zagórska-Telega 2009.). This is the first necropolis in the Polish Carpathians dated to that time. The completely excavated site produced 47 features, including 41 cremation burials (the vast majority of them in urns) and 6 small pits. Preliminary analysis of grave inventories from the Prusiek cemetery allows us to assume that materials in question reveal clear connections with the so-called eastern zone of the Przeworsk Culture. This term is used to describe certain differences noticeable between the eastern (or more precisely: northeastern) part of the Przeworsk Culture range (which is mainly the right-bank Masovia) and other territories occupied by this group in the Early Roman Period (Andrzejowski 2001.99). First of all, these differences consist of a specific style, merging typical Przeworsk Culture traits with elements of other origin. Without doubt, the most important was the impact of the Wielbark Culture, but influences from Western Scandinavia, from the territories by the Elbe and from the Baltic zone were noticeable as well (Dabrowska 1973., Dabrowska 1981a., Dabrowska 1981b., Dabrowska 1991., Nowakowski 1994., Andrzejowski 2001. 82).

Burial inventories from the Prusiek necropolis included, among other objects, metal parts of dress and ornaments, such as fibulae, belt elements and pendants. Their form and decoration have analogies in the territories occupied by the Wielbark Culture, as well as in other regions situated within the Baltic Sea Basin. Particular attention should be paid to the fragmentarily preserved iron fibula of A. V type, series 8 (i.e. with small crest on the head), discovered in grave 22. It was decorated with a silver plate, filigree and granulation (Madyda-Legutko-Rodzinska-Nowak-Zagórska-411