A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 49. (Nyíregyháza, 2007)

Régészet - Dan Pop: The Copper Axe from Corni

The Copper Axe from Corni appeared to be isolated in the vicinity of Tiszapolgár settlements, but there is no direct link among them. This is in the vicinity of the settlements of Oarta de Sus (Oarta de Jos, Maramures. County), in the following places: Magura (situated 3.5 km east) (COM$A-KACSÓ 1973. 48, MAXIM 1999. 172: no. 682, IERCOSAN 2002. 63: no. 35), Oarzä (3 km south-east) (MAXIM 1999. 172: no. 682, IERCO§AN 2002. 63: no. 35, 105: no. 15), Dealul Stremtului (5 km east) (KACSQ-POP 2003. 219: no. 132). Even though we cannot rule out the possibility that certain axes discovered by themselves or in unknown circumstances should actually originate from these settlements, the presence of axes at a longer or shorter distance, in isolation (36 pieces), can also be explained by their intentional placement.

16 An argument for this fact could be the small number of axes in the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztur graves and researched settlements (BOGNÁR-KUTZIÁN 1972., MAXIM 1999. (with footnote LUCA 2002. 189-202), IERCO§AN 2002., LUCA 1999. (with footnote OANTA 2001.), OANTA 2000.). Graves We do not know authentic finds of axes in burials. It was suggested that the piece from Dorog belonged to a hoard or could be a grave-good. (PATAY 1984. 54). The axe of Skomorochi Male was found on its own in a Mierzannowice Culture cemetery and has nothing to do with the burials (GEDL 2004. 19). Deposits/Hoards The following axes are considered to belong to hoards: the axes of Dorog(?) (PI. V: 1) with a chisel and flat axe of Felsőgalla type (PATAY 1984. 48: no. 191, 54, pi. 13: 191 and no. 2, no. 79), Leleiil) (PI. II: 1) with one more axe of Székely-Nádudvar type destroyed with melting by a smith in the same site (NÉMETI 1999. 88: no. 80c),

17 Linz-St.Peter(l) (PI. XIV: 5) with a flat axe of Szakáihát type (MAYER 1977. 10: no. 9, pi. 1: 9 and no. Ill), Nevest(?) (PI. XVI: 7) with a flat axe of Szakáihát type and two piercers (ZERAVICA 1993. 7: no. 9, pi. 1: 9 and no. 157, nos. 604-605), Sic(?) (PI. II: 7) with two fragments of axes, one from a hammer-axe (type?) and the other one lost (SZÉKELY 1967. 327: no. 1, fig. 1: 1, VULPE 1975. 27: no. 51, pi. 6: 51 and no. 238); Spic(?) (PI. XVI: 6), a presumed hoard in which our axe would be associated with other 18 pieces (ZERAVICA 1993. 7: no. 11, pi. 1: ll),

18 Stabanj (PI. XVI: 1, 5), two Székely-Nádudvar type axes with two cross-armed axes of Jászladány type (JOVANOVIC 1971. 28),

19 Stráznice(l) (Pl. XIII: 4-5), two Székely-Nádudvar type axes (RIHOVSKY 1992. 25-26: no. 8-9, pi. 1: 8, 2: 9), Székely (Pl. IV: 1-3), axes of Székely-Nádudvar type (PATAY 1984. 47: no. 187-189, pi. 12: 187-189). Judging from the facts listed above, except for the Spic presumed deposit, with the afferent reserves, we can state that we have two types of copper object deposits: 1. The first is made up exclusively of axes. It is subdivided into deposits with axes of the same Székely-Nádudvar type (Lelei(?), Sic(?), Stráznice(?) and Székely) and deposits composed by '" GEIBLINGER 1984. 320-322 where the hoard represents the discovery which is neither settlement, nor grave, and certain isolated discoveries may be hoards, even ifit refers to isolated brass pieces; for the issue of isolated pieces see VULPE 1973. 233-234, and note 95, KUBACH 1985. 179, BRADLEY 1990. 6, SOROCEANU 1995. 52-58, MOGIELNICKA-URBAN 1997. 31-32. 17 Or related to the Tiszapolgár settlement from the Movilä point (IERCOSAN 2002. 61: no. 31). 18 The 18 pieces reunited in a "deposit" are: axes with transversal shaft-hole (Schaftlochäxte) of Albanian-Dalmatian type (no. 89-91, 92A-92B, 93A), axes with lifted edges (Randleistenbeile): type Spic (no. 207-209), type Emmerberg (no. 222); tanged axes (Absatzbeile) (234-240). !" A Székely-Nádudvar axe associated with three cross-armed axes, one on pi. 5: 4; ZERAVICA 1993. 7: no. 7-8, pi. 7-8, two Székely-Nádudvar axes associated with only two cross-armed axes no. 22-23. 55