A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 48. (Nyíregyháza, 2006)

Régészet - János Makkay: The Late Bronze Age hoard of Nadap

János Makkay These circumstances (together with other similarities: see below) would suggest a quite late dating of the hoard, containing a great number of earlier, even much earlier, types and shapes. It can be assumed that the bronzesmith was very busy collecting every kind of broken bronze objects for resmelting. It appears that he lived at the very end of the Urnfield period and that he concealed his property around the time of the arrival of the Eastern horse-riders, following the Kurd horizon. Recent dating of North Italian, and other, greaves (JANKOVITS 1997. 9., 12.) supports this chronological position. See also pieces No. 328-329 below. 311-324. Vessels (Plate XXX-XXXVI). The total number of bronze vessels belonging to the hoard is 14. 311. The two-handled and beautiful sieving bowl with three small birds (ducks) sitting on the top of both strap handles, and with a wide horizontal rim having three rows of ribbons densely arranged in opposite directions (Plate XXX). One of the ducks is missing and - as I have already mentioned - the fifth piece was found on the sloping ground. I suspect that this bowl was used for sieving wine, but other possibilities cannot be excluded, too.

12 312. Round-bottomed cauldron with one free-moving ring-handle and well executed or mended joins of the loops (Plate XXXI). The rim was repaired at one place. 313-324. The complete or nearly complete bronze vessels fall into two categories (Plate XXXII-XXXVI): 313-314. Two handled cups, both with omphalos. The smaller piece has a wide handle decorated with parallelly embossed narrow channels (No. 313 - PETRES-MAKJCAY 1971., right upper corner of the picture) while the other higher shape shows a row of small bosses on the belly (No. 314). Its handle is broken off. 315-318. From four low bowls one is two-handled (with twisted handle and deep ribbons around the base: No. 315) while the three others (Nos. 316-318) have one-handle (handles made of wires of quadrangular and/or circular section) with omphalos, and in one case with three embossed channels around the concave depression of the base (No. 316). 319-324. The vessels in fragmentary condition represent shapes which differ from both the handled cups and bowls, most of them has embossed decoration, i.e. small bosses running around the shoulder (Nos. 319-322). The reconstructed shape of two large fragments (Nos. 319-320) is essentially similar: they have cylindrical neck and everted rim, with the only difference that one is decorated with two rows of bosses on the shoulder (No. 320), the other with three (No. 319). Piece No. 321 has the same form but the row (or rows) of bosses were applied to the lower part of the body. One further fragment has the same form but without the everted rim, and small embossed (or pointillé) decoration can be seen where the cylindrical neck joins the body (No. 322). One more fragment belongs to the necked type (No. 323), while the last vessel of the assemblage is a small rounded open bowl without handle (No. 324). 325-338. Miscellaneous and unidentified (Plate XXXVI). 325-327. Three simple rings of oval, triangular and rounded section, of unknown use. 328-329. Two objects of unknown use (handles?), or - with a greater probability - the half part of horse bits, i.e. joint mouthpieces, having a shape which resembles the 12 For sieving in Homeric times, see BRUNS 1970. 16-17. 144