A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - †Ivan Popovich: A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya in the Transcarpathian Region

A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya in the Transcarpathian Region Ivan Popovich In the southern outskirts of the village, at the site of Runia melioration works had been conducted in the summer of 1979. Drainage ditches disturbed the cultural layer of the Late Bronze, Roman and Middle Ages. The site of Runia is situated 1.3 km south of the village and occupies a territory of about 10 hectares. On the east, the site is bordered by the road from Baranincy/Baranya to Dolgoie Pole, on the south, by motorway Chaslovcy/Császlóc - Pidhorb. In the ancient times a small brook crossed the site, today this is a bed of a dead brook. On its both sides we found the traces of cultural levels of the ages mentioned above. Cultural remains, as pottery fragments, charcoal, pieces of plastering could be traced on the territory of 4 hectares. On the place of the most intensive concentration of cultural layer, the Transcarpathian Expedition for New Construction Works of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, researched a total of 25 features in a 450 square meters large section (fig. 1-2). Taking into consideration that the density of the features on the excavated territory proved to be significant enough, we understood in the process of the work that in many cases pottery from the upper layers, among them from the features of Roman and Medieval times, got into the features of the Bronze Age. Such situation complicates the determination of the cultural-chronological attribution of dwelling and household constructions. This note is true, on the first hand, in connection with the features of the Late Bronze Age that belong to the Chomonin Group and Gáva Culture that meet chronologically. We did not observe any difference in the depth of features of different ages. All of them were found on the same level, on the depth of 0.35-0.4 m from the modern surface. The multilevel character of the site was determined on the basis of horizontal stratigraphy. The analysis of the dwelling-economic features follows in a chronological order. The most ancient horizon belonged to the Late Bronze Age. Feature 25, square E-9, 10, 11, 12; square 3-9, 10, 11, 12; fl-9, 10, 11, 12 (fig. 2-4). This is a house with deepened floor and post construction of the walls and the roof. The shape of the building was determined from the situation of the post-holes, though they were not planned accurately enough. However, it became clear that the ground plan of the house was rectangular. This is supported by the fact of the clearly rectangular shape of the cultural layer over the ancient surface. Unfortunately, we could research only a part of the house. Its southwestern edge continued under the wall of the square. The house was oriented north-east -