A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - Igor Gavritukhin: On the study of double-plate fibulas of the first subgroup

On the study of double-plate fibulas of the first subgroup N 25). The fibulas of the Petresti variant are dated by P-shaped fibula with inverted foot and flat wide bow (6 mm wide - fig. 1: 3). According to the observations of Gorokhovski, the appearance of the last ones follows the distribution of objects synchronised with C3, but they are especially typical from the middle of the 4

th c. (GOROKHOVSKI 1988. 44-45, with corrections in GOROKHOVSKI 1988A. characteristic N 40). The P-shaped fibula with inverted foot of the Dniester-Danube series from grave 44 in Mogosani (fig. 1: 2) suggests close chronological frameworks. The date of fibulas of the Boromlia-Kompanijtsy variant is defined by a comb of type III by Thomas and by the archaic variant of a buckle with a tongue bending on the ring (GOROKHOVSKI 1988A. 44, variant G3) in combination with a three-component comb with a triangular back from grave 3 in Rodnoi Krai and grave 4 in Boromlia (fig. 1: 7-12). The specimen from grave 86 in Kompanijtsy (fig. 4: 27), as well as the specimens mentioned above in the cited block of variants, reflects western communications against the background of other specimens from Dnieper region: the head-plate without a knob and a massive, circularly bent bow that is associated with "classic" Bügelknopffibel are revealing. The assemblage of this burial is dated by Kazanski to the Hun Age on the basis of the "spherical-conic" shield boss of Malaesti type (fig. 4: 18) (KAZANSKI 1992. 196; KAZANSKI 1997. 183; KAZANSKI 1998.). But such "narrow" dating does not seem reasonable to me: compared to the Eastern European spherical-conic shield bosses dated to the Hun Age (the ones from Tanais and Kerch), the specimen from Kompanijtsy is squatter, and the western shape of other objects from this assemblage (curtailed sword, bucket, ceramic vessel, abundance of weapons - fig. 4: 18-27) widens the circle of analogies. Furthermore, a very close analogy to this shield boss was found in Ven in the assemblage dated by the goblet of Kowalk type. These bosses belong to group II of weapons by J. Ilkjcr and define the date: 310/320-400 (KAZANSKI 1994.443^145 with further reference). The stylistic similarity of the Kosanovo fibula with massive Bügelknopffibel (TEJRAL 1992.; GOROKHOVSKI 1988. 44) also indicates a similar date (within the framework of C3). Thus, the basic assemblages described above are dated to a time not earlier than 320/330. There is no reason to date them to the Hun Age. This defines their upper time limit at about 370/380. Judging from their typological proximity to the specimens of the Kosanovo horizon and from chronological frameworks of basic assemblages, the time of the formation of the double-plate fibulas should be partially synchronised with the assemblages of the Ganzkow-Kosanovo horizon, that is the second quarter of the 4

th c. This date is close to the one defined by Tejral and Kazanski with Legoux, but indicates a need for corrections both in Gorokhovski's charts, according to which the appearance of the double-plate fibulas is dated to the second half of the 4

th c, and to a later date proposed by Bazhan and Gei (TEJRAL 1986.; KAZANSKI-LEGOUX 1988.; GOROKHOVSKI 1988A. 44; GEI-BAZHAN 1997.44,48-49,143 -XH-73). The date of fibulas of archaic appearance with a widened foot is less clear. The specimens from the Dnieper region with a B-shaped post for the spring are dated by the goblet from grave 160 in Cherniakhov (fig. 7: 22). Rau classified this product with archaic variations of Kowalk type, comparing its form with the vessels of Sackrau II/Zakrzow and Ganzkow type (RAU 1972. 131, 167). Gorokhovski, on the other hand, considers that its thick walls, truncatedconic form and distinct polishing connect this article with goblets of Lugi type. He even writes about a special Königsbruch-Cherniakhov type, dated to the second half of the 4

th c (GOROKHOVSKI 1988. 44). In Straume's classification the vessel is closer to series B, type I, the