A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 41. - 1999 (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Régészet - Mikhailo Potushniak: A multilevel settlement on Mala Hora at Mukachevo/Munkács–Kishegy

Mikhailo Potushniak d. Web of rhombs, composed by lines crossing each other on the surface of the vessels. This ornament can be met on pots (PI. X. 13,15, XI. 15) and on bowls. In the case of the latter the rhombic net covered the exterior surface of the vessels, and the interior one by an ornament of deeply incised, even, systematic rhombs drawn into each other- "rhomb pseudo-spiral" (PL IX. 1, XI. 19,21). e. On one of the fragments there is an ornament composed by thin, parallel incised zigzag lines cut horizontally on the surface. They decorated only the body of the vessel. Lines sometimes connect and sometimes split, drawn in a right angle (PI. X.10,14, 17). The third variant of this ornament was composed from similar rows of rectilinear patterns, but the rows are divided by dotted lines into rectangular panels that are situated vertically on the ornamented surface. The panels are different, there are narrow and wide ones. The pattern was put on by a sharp stamp. The lines were deeply incised, not always accurately. Zigzag lines were drawn composing a sharp angle with the rim or the bottom. The ornament resembles a parquet pattern (PI. VIII.4,8,13, X.l-2,4,16). The fourth variant of this ornament can be observed on thin walled fragments of probably bowls. In a similar ornamental rectilinear composition we can trace an empty panel (PI. XII.

6) or a panel divided one from another by a hatched ribbon which is bordered by two more thin empty ribbons. Lines are thin, densely, rather accurately cut by a sharp stamp (PI. X.6, XII.

6). The surface of the fragments is brownish, smoothed. f. A triangle is the basis of the next type's ornamental composition. The ornamented panel was divided into separate triangular panels filled with rows of lines parallel to one of the sides of the triangle. Lines, as a rule, were deeply incised by the sharp end of the stamp, but not accurately enough. They covered the whole surface of the vessel. The ornament is placed in a composition which includes impressions, holes and plastical oblong, vertically situated ribs attached to the edge of the rim (PI. VIII.1,3,

10-12, X.8, XII.4,7-10). On the thin walled fragments the filled triangle was bordered by an empty, narrow ribbon (Pl. XII.4). One more variant of this type of ornamental composition has a rectangular rhomb as its basis also filled with rows of lines parallel to one side of the rhomb. The whole surface of the vessel was covered by such rhombs connected with each other. The ornament was cut by a sharp stamp, not very accurately. On two fragments the borders of the rhomb were accented (PI. VIII. 1, IX.

3). On the third one rhombs were formed without the bordering of the form (Pl. XII.3). As a whole the ornament resembled a wicker work. g. Finally, the last type of the incised ornamental composition had in its basis a filled ribbon made from two parallel lines. Such lines formed on the surface of the vessels rows of horizontal, zigzag figures drawn one into another (PI. XI.3-4,11), and rows of horizontal, vertical or rectilinear ribbons covering the surface (PI. XI. 1,6,12, XII. 17). The space between the rows of ribbons sometimes was combined with roundish stamped impressions (PI. XI.

9,10, XII. 1112,15). Such filled ribbons frequently form different rectilinear compositions (Pl. XI.7, XII. 13). It was noticed that zigzag patterns drawn into each other frequently were formed out of also empty ribbons, and only the space between ribbons, that is to say, the sharp triangle made by the zigzag was hatched (PI. XI.2,3,5,8). h. In the collection fluted ornament is represented by three fragments of bowls and one fragment of an amphora shaped vessel. The ornament was made with the help of a stamp with a narrow, cut and rounded end. On two fragments of conical bowls small channels crossing each other compose an ornament of a rhomboid net (PI. IX. 1) and of different rectangular figures (Pl. X.12). On the fragment of an S-shaped bowl the ornament was made by a rounded end of a stamp. This is an arched, "soft" flute with other arched flutes growing out of it. The surface is plain, thoroughly smoothed (PI. XI. 18). And on the fourth fragment belonging to an amphora like vessel, the vertically placed row of narrow flutes cover the widening body of the vessel (PI. IX. 12). Sometimes the incised ornament was combined with plastical applications. It could be for example a miniature rib on the shoulders of a thin walled small vessel (Pl. XII.4) or a rib divided by notches, directly under the rim of a bowl (Pl. IX.4). The edges of the amphora like vessels and bowls were decorated by plastical, oblong ribs, situated, as a rule, in pairs at the edge of the neck. These ribs merging above the rim frequently were decorated by notches (PI. XII.7-10). Among the interesting finds also probably connected with the Baden level of the settlement we can mention 3 fragments directly from above the bottom of the widely spread S-shaped bowl. In the interior of the bowl a wavy rib resembling a waving snake was attached. There were several similar decorations, attached to the bottom part of the bowl (PI. XIII.2a-c). 16