A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 33-35. - 1990-1992 (Nyíregyháza, 1993)

László Szathmáry: Importance of Pre-auricular Region Sex Determination (in the analysis of a medieval sample from NE Hungary) (lektorálta: Marcsik Antónia)v67

Masculine (+1) There's no sulcus and on its place the surface is slightly 'flat'. The tubercle is moderate, it levels with the plane determined by the two arms of the greater sciatic notch (it is usually parallel with this plane), and it takes a nearer position on to the border of auricular fades than in the case of feminine variants (Fig. 5.). Hypermasculine (+2) There's no sulcus but on its place the surface is slightly convex-shaped. The tubercle is of great extent (it has got a wide basis), it seems nearly like a ridge having a direction similar to that of the masculine variant. Its peak, (if it's got any at all), is directed downwards or towards the sacrum. It's got a marked muscular ridge (Fig. 6.). In the case of masculine stages (mostly in the hypermasculine cases in the series investigated) between the tubercle and the border of the auricular facies, sometimes, a narrow sulcus can be found, and this fact might easily be deceiving. But this sulcus is not identical with the normal pre-auricular sulcus (feminine variants), which sometimes has got a tubercle beside and in this case the tubercle takes a farther position from the margin of the auricular facies, because the sulcus is wide. This explains the difference between the masculine tubercle and the feminine one, both in direction and in frame. After distinguishing the five stages, the degree of sexualization was again determined on the basis of 23 secondary sex characters in the case of each skeleton. Four parameters were calculated in the case of each characters: the sexualization (Sex), the sex-difference of sexualization (Sexdiff), the proportion of the cases (expressed in percentage) in which the defined sex and the sexualization of the character were identical in signs (Sexid%) and the common average of these values of both females and males (Sexid%x). The opinion of the efficiency of sex characteristics was formed on the basis of the four parameters above (Table 2. and 3.). 1. Sexualization (Sex): it occurs only in the case of post-cranial characters that its average is over or below ±1.00

2 (males: cotylo-sdatic index, femoral head, pre-auricular region; females: pubic angle, greater sciatioc notch, ischium-pubis index, linea aspera). Only in the case of mastoid process and malar surface ranges the value from 0.75 to 1.00 with males' skull. The sexualization of glabella and zygomatic arch is similar with females. Of postcranial characters it is only the obturator foramen, the sacrum (in the case of both sexes), the ischium-pubis index, the linea aspera (males) and the greater pelvis (females) that don't reach this value. 2. The sexualization of a feature is characteristic of a population. We can form a somehow much more general view on the basis of sex-difference of sexualization (Sexdiff). Difference over 1.75 could be only experienced on postcranial skeleton (true pelvis, pubic angle, greater sciatic notch, cotylo-sciatic index, pre-auricular region). If the value ranges from 1.25 to 1.75, skull-character can occur (glabella, mastoid process, zygomatic arch, malar surface). On 2 The limit values used here and later are ad libitum, based on discretion, making examinations easier. 71