Fiatal középkoros régészek IV. konferenciája. Tanulmánykötet (Kaposvár, 2013)

Mordovin Maxim: A 15-17. századi távolsági textilkereskedelem régészeti emlékei Pápán

A 15-17. SZÁZADI TÁVOLSÁGI TEXTILKERESKEDELEM RÉGÉSZETI EMLÉKEI PÁPÁN

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The archaeological traces of the 15th-17th centuries distance cloth-trade in Pápa

MAXIM MORDOVIN

The large scale reconstruction works of the historical centre of Pápa in Western Hungary were preceded by rescue excavations. The archaeological research focused on the present day Main square (Fő tér).The territory of the investigated surface reached 1500 m2.The results were from many aspects really unexpected. We could trace the continuous development of the city from its foundation in the 10th century until the late 18th century rearrangement of the main square when it gained is present day appearance.

The earliest rural type settlement on the site lasted until late 13th - early 14th century when it was methodically demolished, its remains were filled up and levelled.This levelling layer was use as a foundation for the pavement of the newly constructed market square. This market basically defined the topography of the city, its development and its life until today. There was a small, most probably deaconry church originated yet from the 12th—13th centuries in the middle of the square. Some remains of its gothic phase have been also unearthed.

The surface of the square was renewed many times, seemingly every 40-60 years or maybe even more often. Each of the surface layers contained enormous amount of archaeological finds including pottery, animal bones, coins, jewellery, different iron objects and rivets, and cloth seals. It was already clarified from the written sources that Pápa played important role in Hungarian textile trade but there were no material traces for this.The discovered 135 pieces of more or less identifiable cloth seals is unique for the whole Hungary. Very interesting is the distribution of their places of origin. Some of them show connections with cities, which do not appear in the contemporary Hungarian written sources.

The cloth seals from Pápa cover the period from the late 15th until the 18th century. Most of them originated from larger textile production centres of Holy Roman Empire: Hamburg, Nuremberg, Cologne, Ulm, and Munich. The newly identified connections located in Kaufbeuren and Kulmbach in Bavaria, and Löwenberg (Lwówek Slqski) in Silesia. The second most important region is Central Europe, namely Austria - Vienna and Tulin, Bohemia and Moravia - Novy Jicin (Neutitschein) and Jihlava (Iglau).

At the present stage of the research this is the largest known collection of cloth seals in the Carpathian Basin (medieval Kingdom of Hungary) from a single site. There are altogether cca. 400 cloth seals from other sites in the Carpathian Basin. The complete evaluation and identification of the finds continues.

Irodalom

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