Achaeometrical Research in Hungary II., 1988

BIBLIOGRAPHY - SUMMARIES - ANALYSES

Czajlik Z., Ferenc M., Sólymos G.K.: Angaben zu den spätbronzezeitlichen Metallrohmaterialversongung am Velem-St. Veit Berg (Westungarn) • Archäoligie Österreichs (1995). This article is an analysis of materials of half-products from Velem in search of their origins, i.e. the provisioning of raw material. In relation to assume samples of special composition (Ni and Co contents) the hypothesis is raised that long distance trade may have existed that involved prehistoric ore mines in the Alps (Austria) and/or western Slovakia (Banska Bistrica/Besztercebánya area). Gegus E.: Optische emissionsspektroskopische Untersuchungsmethode unter Anwendung der Laser-Mikrospektralanalyse = In A. Knape, H.-A. Nordstroem eds.: Der Kultgegenstand von В alkukra. Beilage A. Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm (1994) 66-67. Two identical bronze objects of a ritual/symbolic nature occupy a special position in the Bronze Age of Europe, One was encountered in Balkakra, near Ystad, in 1847. The other was found in Hasfalva, near Sopron in northern Hungary in 1913. The present monograph contains for the first time a modern, detailed and richly illustrated documentation of all the components of the Balkakra object and a systematic comparison of the piece with its Hungarian counterpart. The main text consists of five parts - an introduction, the history of Research on both pieces, a morphological-technical description of the Balkakra object, a discussion of its dating and finally a chapter on meaning and function. In addition, the Hungarian researchers, Dr. Gegus and Dr. Kis-Varga, have provided detailed metal analyses. The authors come to the conclusion that both objects were manufactured in the same continental workshop, probably at a time corresponding to the end of period I and the beginning of period II in Montelius' system, i.e.

с 1500 ВС Their specific function cannot be identified. These twin objects might have played a central role in official rites closely connected with the power structures of the Bronze Age. Gegus E., Szonntagh E. L.: Roman Copper Alloys and the Aquincum Organ, abstract = International Symposium on the Organ of Classical Antiquity. Sept. 1-4, 1994 Budapest, Hungary, (1994) Paper in press. Musical instruments today require very fine mechanical preparation and specially chosen materials; This statement is also valid for the past. The Aquincum Organ of classical Antiquity is overwhelming evidence for This. The individual parts of This fine instrument were made from the most suitable materials possible, similar to modern practice. A table illustrates This point. Parts of the Aquincum organ are listed, composition ranges for the four major elements are shown, and the modern designations and alloy uses can be found in the table. Brass: The makers of the Aquincum organ made the upper bodies of the pipes from This metal, obviously realizing its superb resonating properties. Tuning rings for the open pipes were made also of brass, as was the dedicatory plaque, probably because of the high elastic strength of This alloy. Bronze was well-known even in early antiquity and had been used as a widespread, relatively simple was used technology for casting small objects. It was also used for larger tools, statues, as well as for more 298