M. Járó - L. Költő szerk.: Archaeometrical research in Hungary (Budapest, 1988)
Selected Bibliography - Summaries
Zimmer K. — Járó M. — Gegus E.: Anwendung von spektrochemischen Methoden zur Untersuchung von Kupfer- und Bronzefunden. = Proc. 17th Coli. Spectrosc. Internat., Grenoble, 1975, HI, p. 715. Different emission spectroanalytical methods with suitable standard deviations and limits of detection were utilized for investigating archaeological findings made of copper alloys. Chip samples were excited by a polarized AC arc in the cups of carbon electrodes, and conclusions could be drawn on the sites of the finds, on the extent of the settlements, and on the age of the findings. Findings from the time of the Hungarian conquest (10th century) were investigated by solution spectroanalytical processes. The main components of the different parts of an organ from the Roman Age, found at Aquincum, which was required to be preserved, were determined by spectrochemical solution spray method. Trace elements were determined by the total burning arc method. Inhomogeneity of the samples was established. Direct excitation was applied by copper counter electrode, the cleaned surface of the finding was coated with insulating lacquer, and after its puncture a low-energy high-voltage spark excitation was employed. It could be established whether Hun kettles from different places as well as different parts of a processional cross were made during the same period and in the same workshop. Finally the chemical reactions which took place between the finding and soil are discussed. Gegus E.: Spectroanalytical investigation of elements of the organ from Aquincum; in: M. Kaba: Roman organ from Aquincum (3rd century) — (In German), Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest — Barenreiter— Verl., Kassel, 1976. pp. 45—53. On the occasion of the renovation of the organ in 1973, 21 samples of several milligrams were taken from the different parts (chips, broken pieces), the spectrochemical analysis of which gave information on the composition of materials selected by the Roman craftsmen. In this chapter of the book, a micro-spectrographic method is outlined for the determination of "major and significant minor element contents in each sample, the acidic solution of which was introduced into the high-voltage spark discharge by using a pneumatic nebulizer. Investigation of several samples by total evaporation in d.c. arc gave important data on trace element contents. Költő L. — Kis Varga M.: The examination of the platings of late Avar bronze casts = Problems of completion, ethics and scientific investigation in the restoration, - Proceedings of the 3rd Int Rest Sem. - Veszprém, 11-20. 07. 1981. pp. 128-140. The characteristics of the coatings applied to bronze objects (mainly on belt mountings) were examined on 875 late Avar objects making use of 1207 measurements. By comparing the compositions of uncleaned and shot blasted surfaces, it was found that most of the coatings believed to be of silver were in fact tin. Regarding cast bronze mountings this was always found to be the case. In the case of mountings made of bronze sheets, silver coatings were also found. The attention of restorers is called to the fact that in many cases the high silver content of the materials is often misleading when conducting droplet analysis. (In 48.5% of the cases the silver content was measured to be in excess of 0.5%; in 12% of the cases in excess of 1%; and in some cases between 1.5 and 2%.)
