M. Járó - L. Költő szerk.: Archaeometrical research in Hungary (Budapest, 1988)

Selected Bibliography - Summaries

ANALYSIS Pottery Kardos J. — Kriston L.: Kerámiatárgyak röntgendiffrakciós vizsgálata (X-ray analysis of ceramic objects), = Múzeumi Műtárgyvédelem, 7/1980, Budapest, pp. 36-47. (In Hungarian) Samples taken from Iron Age and Middle Ages pottery as well as from potsherds from the period of the Great Migration were analysed by X-ray diffraction. Knowing the crystalline phase of the pottery the authors tried to determine the materials used by the potters, and the origin of these materials. They examined the changes of phases produced by the heating which could furnish information on the manufacturing conditions (firing temperature etc.). Zimmer, K. — Kardos J. — Kriston L, — Vértes A. — Kocsárdy Ë. — Karmacsi Á. — Flórián K. : Római kori kerámiák komplex vizsgálata optikai emissziós színképelemzéssel, röntgendiffrakcióval, Mössbauer- és infravörös spektroszkópiával, valamint elektronsugaras mikroeiemzéssel. (A complex study of Roman Age pottery by means of optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer- and infra-red spectroscopy as well as electron probe microanalysis) = Proc. 24th Hung. Conf. on Spectral Analysis, Miskolc, 1981, p. 137. (In Hungarian) A collection of pottery vessels from a Late Roman Age cemetery at Pécel, near to Budapest, was investigated by a large variety of instrumental analytical methods. A team of scientists examined the advantages of X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, optical emission-, Mössbauer- and infrared spectroscopy in technology and provenance studies of pottery. Firing temperature is concluded from phase analysis by X-ray diffraction. Infra-red spectra of ceramic material represent changes during the firing process in the clay mineral structure. The use of Mössbauer spectroscopy is to obtain certain information about the firing atmosphere by studying iron compounds in the body of pottery. Multi-element trace analysis by optical emission spectroscopy is available for provenance studies, nevertheless the data processing needs multidimensional mathematical methods. The glossy grey or red layer on the surface of grey pottery and certain terra sigillata imitations is known to be due to the application of slip as surface coating. Comparison of the elemental composition of the surface and the body of pottery confirmed the presence of slip. Leaching processes from body to surface were traced by electron microprobe, as well. Kardos J. - Träger T. - Zimmer K.: A hevítés hatása régészeti kerámiatárgyak spektrográfiásan meghatározott nyomelemtartalmára (The effect of firing on optical emission spectroscopic determination of trace elements in archaeological pottery) = Proc. 26th Hung. Conf on Spectral Analysis, Kecskemét 1983, p. 97. (In Hungarian) Provenance studies of pottery are based on reliable analytical data. A lot of factors influence the result of chemical analysis: pre- and post-depositional alterations, homogeneity, sampling, sample preparation, etc.