M. Járó - L. Költő szerk.: Archaeometrical research in Hungary (Budapest, 1988)
Analysis - HEGEDŰS Zoltán: Conclusions of metallographic tests on the production methods of bronze articles and slags
On the basis of external characteristics we categorized these slags into two types (Photo 3): I. light, porous, vitreous slag-pieces, often containing inclusions of charcoal, and of ores; II. heavy, compact slag of vitreous fracture . with clustered structure and with ripples of flow on one of its free surfaces. Vastagh [5] dealt with the classification and the Hungarian nomenclature of slags, but he did not take a definite stand-point, and therefore we shall apply the I- and II-type analyses. Table I contains the place of occurrence, the type, the main constituents, viz. FeO, Si0 2 and MnO; and further the initial melting points-of the investigated slags. Table I No. Site of finding Type FeO Si0 2 MnO Melting point °C 1. Trizs (Borsod) I. 52.8 195 1300 2. Szilvásvárad I. 643 18.4 2.9 1250 3. Szakony (Sopron) II. 585 26.7 3.0 1200 4. Szakony I. 30.0 62.8 0.1 1300 5. Sopron (Square of 1st May) I. 54.6 29.5 1.7 1200 6. Vasvár I. 41.4 18.3 0.8 1350 7. Vasvár II. 41.4 46.7 1.4 1300 8. Iván(Sopron) II. 53.0 27.2 4.1 1200 9. Imola (Borsod) ? 29.0 52.6 5.7 1100 10. Tömörd (Corn. Vas) II. 42.0 34.8 105 1250 11. Felsőkelecsény (Borsod) II. 575 23.0 11.6 1300 12. Felsó'kelecsény I. 57.9 ' 18.0 5.6 1300 13. Tiszalök Rázom II. 57.8 15.3 1.5 1150 14. Kőszegfalva II. 505 31.5 6.4 1200 15. Jósvafő (Borsod) II. 23.6 33.0 0.6 1150 16. Ólmod (Corn. Vas) I. 41.0 34.4 6.4 1300 17. Ólmod II. 445 33.6 3.2 1250 18. Vadna (Borsod) . II. 51.8 22.1 93 1250 19. Sopron Magashíd I. 33.2 41.0 4.4 1300 20. Sopron Magashíd II. 493 29.0 3.6 1200 Among them are the slags marked with Nos. 4 and 5 of Roman, No. 8 of Celtic origin, 1, 7, 9 and 11 are from the 10—12th centuries [4], No. 13 originates from the 10th century [6], and the ages of the other slags are unknown. The metallographic test of silicate base slags creates a great deal of hard work, which requires considerable experience; and besides a knowledge of metallography it also requires knowledge on oreinicröscopy and petrography. (The ore-microscopic ana metallographic investigations are performed in a crashed light, and the petrographical tests in a light penetrating through thin polished slides [8, 9].) Some of the real problems are: — fayalite, 2FeOX Si0 2 , appears in the crystalline and in the vitreous states alike, — the shade of the grey part of the vitreous silicates depends on the FeO'MnO-content, but the single effect of these is not the same, — that the partly reduced ore inclusions appear in the slags, or minerallizing of the slag surface by soil effects occurs.
