Juhász Magdolna (szerk.): A Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei 4. (Kaposvár, 2016)
Bognár Katalin: Vaseszközlelet Balatonőszöd középkori településéről
Irontooldeposit int the arpadian age settlement of Balatonőszöd KATALIN BOGLÁRKA BOGNÁR During a metal dector research in 2001 in the border of Balatonőszöd an irontooldeposit was founded. The place where were the artefacts recovered was moorland, that’s why to open any test trench was impossible. But next to this place there was an excavation where an arpadian age settlement was founded. In the deposit there were six irontools, two ironsticks, a piece of melted iron and a whetstone. The agricultural tools were the following ones: a mouldboard, a coulter, a hoe, a sickle with the rest of the wooden handle and two axes. The moulboard was shovelformed with socket, which means it should belong to a turnplough. This type of the plough became common in the Carpathin basin from the 13th century. The form of the coulter changed the least from the roman period till the 19th centuries. The only thing which could help the dating is the length of the handle, but this one is fragmentary, so this tool is almost undatable. The end of the hoe’s shaft hole is straight, therefore the handle was stabilized with a wedge. In this way the angle between the blade and the handle was changeable. Because of the roundish edge of the hoe, it can date till the end of the 13th century. The tanged sickle is - according to Róbert Müller - “crooked” which means that the blade follows the line of the handle. It has analogies from the 13th till the 16th centuries. On the sickle there was a maker’s stamp, which illustrated a stylized plough. The axes were the most common tools in a village for logging. The form doesn’t have big variety. The two ironsticks are specific artefacts, because of their laminated system these are half-ready tools. This kind of tool is one of the most important raw material of a smith workshop. From the Carpathin basin during excavations just a few pieces of raw material ironsticks were founded. The melted ironpiece could be melted irontool or metallurgical spinoff. The whetstone is also a common tool in a settlement. After all it’s important because in deposit really rare this kind of artefact. The artefacts have analogies from the Hungarian conquest period till the late middle ages, but because of the closest analogies the deposit is supposedly from the 13-14th centuries. It means, that the sickle with the maker’s stamp from Balatonőszöd is one of the earliest sickle with the maker’s stamp in the Carpathin basin. Because of the ironsticks the deposit could belong to a smith, but this is just an unverifiable hypothesis.
