Uherkovich Ákos: A Dráva mente állatvilága II. (Dunántúli Dolgozatok Természettudományi Sorozat 9., 1998)
Ábrahám L. Uherkovich Á.: A Dráva mente nagylepke faunája és jellegzetes élőhelyei (Lepidoptera). - The macrolepidoptera fauna and its characteristic habitats in the Dráva Region, South Hungary (Lepidoptera)
ÁBRAHÁM L. & UHERKOVICH A.: A DRÁVA MENTE NAGYLEPKE FAUNÁJA ÉS ÉLŐHELYEI 385 1. The fauna of river-adjacent softwood gallery forests and willow-beds is characterised primarily by butterflies and large moths that are dependent on willow. This habitat type is close to river Dráva. 2. The number of alder goves and alder moors in low areas is remarkably high here, even on the country scale. The fauna dependent on alder and birch has been described by UHERKOVICH (1984), whose faunistic division is used in the present study to report on the fauna of such habitats. 3. Due to the high level of annual precipitation in the Dráva region, the climax stage of the succession chain is often represented by hardwood forests and hornbeam-oak woods. Owing to their almost identical composition of dominant species and species distribution, these two are considered identical habitats from the aspect of their large moth and butterfly fauna, and are commonly referred to as humid (damp-soil) oakwoods. 4. Beech woods are found only in remaining patches in the proximity of the National Park. Their fauna comprising mainly of monophagous beech specialists is very characteristic. 5. The national park includes a few extensions of the Belső-Somogy sandy areas. The sand, being a fast-draining soil type, offers a favourable habitat for arid sand oakwood and sand grass associations. 6. The fauna of sand oakwoods and Turkey-oak woods (the latter to be found in the National Park in a small, undulating area of Őrtilos-Csurgó) inhabit arid environments. These two associations are similar to such an extent, that they were drawn under a single type when categorising Macrolepidoptera habitats. 7. Sandy grass-covered habitats are the most threatened ones in the National Park, since they are represented in the form of small, isolated patches which are exposed to serious human disturbance. 8. In wet areas meadows and pastures with scattered trees have formed as a consequence of human interference and the cutting down of woods. Their fauna is valuable but can be successfully maintained only by conservational management. Unfortunately, as a result of the intensive pine forestation activities during the past decades, considerably large areas are occupied presently by coniferous forests, especially in the Bares Juniper landscape protection area. Their fauna is reduced, mostly consisting of euryoecic pine consumer species. The authors also summarize the general conservational conclusions which can contribute to the survival of the Macrolepidoptera fauna in the area. Dr. Ákos UHERKOVICH Janus Pannonius Museum Natural History Department P. O. Box 347 H-7601 Pécs E-mail: uhu@ipisun.jpte.hu Authors' address: Dr. Levente ÁBRAHÁM Somogy County Museum Natural History Department P. O. Box 70 H-7401 Kaposvár E-mail:
