Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok VII. - Natura Somogyiensis 22. (Kaposvár, 2012)
Salamon-Albert É.: Climatic conditions and habitats in Belső-Somogy, Külső-Somogy and Zselic as vegetation-based landscape regions III. Temperature envelopes of mesic deciduous woodlands
Salamon-Albert, É.: Climatic conditions and habitats 29 BIOCLIM variables Monthly, quarterly and yearly averages and extremities of temperature data as BIOCLIM-1 to -11 variables were used, that were measured at regional weather stations on local scales by the Hungarian Meteorological Service (http://vissycd.glia.hu/atlasz. html, Mersich et al. 2001) and were integrated into the WorldClim database (http://www. worldclim.org/, Hijmans et al. 2005). Corrected recalculation of the data was carried out by the Institute of Ecology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Czúcz et al. 2007). Temperature variables for the analyses are BIOCLIM-1 the annual mean temperature, BIOCLIM-2 the mean diurnal temperature range, BIOCLIM-4 the annual temperature seasonality calculated as the standard deviation of monthly means x 100, BIOCLIM-5 the maximum temperature of warmest month, BIOCLIM-6 the minimum temperature of coldest month, BIOCLIM-7 the temperature of annual range, BIOCLIM-8 the mean temperature of wettest quarter, BIOCLIM-9 the mean temperature of driest quarter, and BIOCLIM-11 the mean temperature of coldest quarter. Annual data refer to monthly climate measurements from January to December, wettest quarter means data from June to August, driest quarter means data from January to March, warmest quarter means data from June to August, coldest quarter means data from December to February as the periods of three months, as % of a year. Habitats of mesic deciduous woodlands MÉTA project (2002-2006) was a systematic habitat mapping of the Hungarian seminatural vegetation on landscape scale integrated with spatial and geographical information (Bölöni et al 2007, Molnár et al 2007, Horváth et al. 2008). Field data collecting were carried out at hexagon scale by high resolution (35 hectares per each) as basic units, and they were integrated into quadratic scale for landscape mapping (35 km2 per each), both added to the MÉTA tables and databases (Horváth and Polgár 2008). In our study mesophilous woody habitat types connected with temperature variables were assigned to finer spatial scale for 16300 hexagons of 163 MÉTA quadrats of the regions. In total 5 MÉTA habitat types of mesophilous woodlands (K as the associated habitat group) were identified in the vegetation based regions, including Kla the lowland pedunculate oak-hornbeam woodlands, K2 the sessile oak-hombeam woodlands, K5 the beech woodlands, K7a the acidofrequent beech woodlands and K7b the acidofrequent oak-hombeam woodlands (Molnár et al. 2008, Salamon-Albert et al. 2008, 2010, 2011). In our study we focused on significant mesic woodlands as Kla (n=1792), K2 (n=2042), K5 (n=926) and associated habitat group of K (n=3848), using the binary data of occurrence for the analyses. Sessile oak hornbeam woodlands (K2) are the most abundant in the regions as well as in Hungary. They are mostly occurred on submontane and colline exposition, but missing from lowlands, usually on deep soils, dominated by Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus and/or Fagus sylvatica. In Belső-Somogy, this habitat type is replaced by lowland pedunculate oak-hombeam forests, according to geographical features. It is connected to cool-humid climate suitable for mesic forests. It occurs in all type of (but mainly on solid) bedrock. In hilly regions it can rather be found on loess or loess-like sediments, but missing on sand, and occurs on clay, where it forms mosaic with lowland oak-hombeam woodlands. Pedunculate oak-hombeam woodlands (Kla) are the second in abundance among mesic woodland habitat types in the regions. Shadowed and mesic forests of lowlands and hilly regions, with Quercus robur and Carpinus betulus in the tree layer. The centre of the distribution is in the western part of Transdanubia: with greatest extension in Belső-Somogy (14000 ha), and connected to this area, in Dráva-sík (6000 ha). Apart
