Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok VI. - Natura Somogyiensis 19. (Kaposvár, 2010)
MÓCZÁR L. & SZIRÁKI GY.: Observation of high degree stylopization of European paper wasp - Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791) in Hungary
MÓCZÁR L. & SZIRÁKI GY.: STREPSIPTERAN 233 also in these years. Later, in course of the surveying of the fauna of Hungarian national parks, this insect group - because the absence of specialists - have got only small attention, and only a single paper referring to this field ( SZÉL 1987) was published. On 18th August 1993 thirty living specimens of European paper wasp - Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791) were collected by the first author from field eryngo - Eryngium campestre Linnaeus, 1753 - on the inhabited territory of Zamárdi (a settlement at the southern shore of the lake Balaton) in a vacant lot. Five specimens (17%) of the captured wasps were parasitized by Xenos vesparum Rossi, 1793, which percentage is unusually high. In course of the working up of the Strepsiptera material of HNHM it was found that in 80% of the 504 stylopized insect specimens only a single parasite developed, while the maximal number was 7 (in one occasion only) ( SZÉKESSY 1959b). On the contrary, 18 (3.6 in average) strepsipteran puparia were observed in the 5 stylopized wasps collected at Zamárdi, and in the case of the most infected wasp 7 puparia was detected also, which is equal to the maximal strepsipteran number observed in Hungary. All but one of the observed parasites were situated on the dorsal side of the abdomen of the wasps, most frequently in the third, rarely in second, fourth, fifth, or sixth segments, as below. Male, segment 3: 4, segment 4: 1, segment 5: 1, segment 6: 1, (Fig. 4); female, segment 3: 2, segment 4: 1; female, segment 3: 3 (Fig. 5); female: segment 2: 1, segment 3: 2 (Fig. 6); female: segment 4: 1, segment 5: 1. The vacant lot, where the collecting was done, has been placed at the southern side of the road directing to the town Siófok, at the eastern part of the settlement, with many flowering ornamental and natural plants, where small family houses with (uninhabited) loft are the typical buildings. These circumstances are optimal ones for growing up stable populations of the paper wasps and their strepsipteran parasites as well. It is worth to mention that although Polistes dominula is a well known host of the steripteran Xenos vesparum in many European countries, hitherto it (together the supporting data of the collecting site) was not reported in a scientific publication from Hungary. The captured wasps were taken in separate vials, and after their investigation the five stylopized specimens into a glass isolator, together with a field eryngo plant. The observation of flight activity of host and of male strepsipterans were possible in this manner. The insects - including the flying male parasites - were photographed by conventional camera (NIKON + Medical-Nikkor Auto 1:5.6, f = 200 + Macro Speedlight SB-21). A few of these photographs were presented in popular form on CD ROOM ( MÓCZÁR 2003a) and in printed version ( MÓCZÁR 2003b). (However, the latter with a technical fault, and with insufficient denomination of the author.) Regarding the behaviour of the stylopized host, it is known that its movement activity is lessening considerably. This decrease of flight ability was observed in a clear cut form in the case of the most seriously parasitized wasp specimen. As the flying behaviour of the newly emerged males regards, these insects flew to the field eryngo plant placed in the isolator after a short foraging (Figs 1-3). This behavioral pattern may be triggered by the pheromone released by the females which were in the wasp(s) visited the given plant previously, and/or by visual stimulus of the (flowering) plant.
