Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok V. - Natura Somogyiensis 17. (Kaposvár, 2010)
SALAMON-ALBERT, É., ORTMANN-AJKAI, A., HORVÁTH, F., & MORSCHHAUSER, T.: Klíma és élőhelytípusok Belső-Somogy, Külső-Somogy és Zselic vegetáció alapú tájegységeiben I. Klímafelszínek és az erdei élőhelyek éghajlati tartománya
66 NATURA SOMOGYIENSIS matic surface and quantify their climatic envelope. It will be beneficially used for predicting future distribution patterns, to be able to understand the impacts of a continuous climate change. In the three selected vegetation-based landscape regions semi-natural and managed woodland vegetation types are frequent. The western part of Külső-Somogy is a potential woodland landscape, especially including semi-natural mesophilous woodland communities or other tree-dominated woodlands originated from any kind of natural forest stands. Eastern part of Külső-Somogy is rich in semi-dry and closed oak woodlands, the south part of the region is poor in any kind of woodlands. Belső-Somogy is a diverse landscape. There are several types of mesophilous woodlands in its western part, riverine swamps and oak-elm-ash woodlands in the eastern part. Zselic is the most forested landscape in South Transdanubia. Woodlands are very diverse ranging from submontaneous mesophilous beech forests to dry closed and open woodland patches. The most frequent woody habitat types are alder and ash swamp woodlands, riverine ash-alder woodlands, lowland pedunculate oak-hornbeam woodlands, sessile oak-hornbeam woodlands, turkey oak-sessile oak woodlands, uncharacteristic softwood forests and plantations and uncharacteristic hardwood forests and plantations in the regions (LEHMANN 1976, BORHIDI 1984, SALAMON-ALBERT and HORVÁTH 2008, KIRÁLY et al 2008). Our aim was to answer 1) what the regional ranges of bioclimatic variables as a 'climatic surface' that could determine distribution of woodland habitats are, 2) what the 'climatic envelope' of significant woody habitat types occurring in the regions and their differences are. Material and method Study sites The studied area are Külső-Somogy (abbr: KS), Belső-Somogy (abbr: BS) and Zselic (abbr: ZS) as vegetation-based landscape regions, situated in the South-Transdanubia geographical region of Hungary, covering about 5705 km 2 (570500 ha) in total. Their borders are newly defined on the basis of present zonal or dominant extrazonal or edaphic vegetation by the knowledge of local expert botanists (MOLNÁR et al. 2008). This new division differs in shape features from the currently used, country-wide, floraor geography-based landscape divisions (e.g. MAROSI & SOMOGYI 1990). Elevation varies in a moderate range above sea level from lowlands (96 m) to hills (300 m), average altitude is 161 m. Long-term annual precipitation varies between 562 and 753 mm, the average was 674 mm, the annual temperature varied between 8.4 °C and 11.4 °C, the average was 10.9 °C. Studied regions are at the intersection of three climatic areas: from West as the Atlantic, from East as the Continental and from South as the Mediterranean, that can influence the general climatic pattern. According to the main geobotanical division of Europe, they are clustered into the submountaneous oakhornbeam woodlands and thermophilous oak woodlands with open steppe oak woodlands and riparian vegetation (OZENDA and BOREL 2000). BIOCLIM variables For calculation of BIOCLIM variables, monthly averages of climatic data, measured at weather stations on global and local scales were used. Temperature data are from WorldClim database (http://www.worldclim.org/, HIJMANS et al 2005), precipitation data are from the local weather stations of Hungarian Meteorological Service (http://vissycd.
