Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok III. - Natura Somogyiensis 12. (Kaposvár, 2008)

Fazekas Imre: The species of the genus Aethes Billberg, 1821 of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

(2002) the adult can be collected in two generations yearly, in May-June and July, but this is not the case with regard to the Hungarian populations. Biology: the life history of the larva is unknown. Habitat: semi-mesophilous species, often in the lowlands and on ridges of hills. Habitats include halophytic areas, closed loess and sand steppes, dry open grasslands, colline and submontane hay meadows, acid grasslands and fine scale vineyards and orchards. Altitude from 90 m to 350 m. Comments: sporadic and locally rare in the plains and hills, but uncharacteristic in the mountains of medium height. Uncommon almost everywhere. Not known from west Hungary. 19. Aethes cnicana (Westwood, 1854) (Fig. 24, 25, 30) References: Ács & SZABÓKY 1993, FAZEKAS 1991, 1994, 1995. Distribution in Palaearctic: Ae. cnicana occurs almost throughout Europe except for the Mediterranean and Iberian Peninsula. Unknown in big areas on the Balkan Peninsula. Chorotype: European. The distribution area in Hungary: Dinnyés ("Fertő"), Kárász, Komló (Hasmány-tető), Miskolc-Hámor, Pákozd (Kanca-hegy), Pécs, Szakonyfalu (Vadász-völgy), Velence. Phenology: bivoltine; the moth flies between mid-May and early August. The adult may be netted in the evening flying sluggishly about its habitat and at night will come light. Biology: oligophagous, the larva preferring species of Carduus and Cirsium. It overwinters in the stem of the food plant and pupates in the spring. Habitat: Ae. cnicana is a mesophylous species, found in rich fens, au- and mesotrophic meadows and tall herb communities; semi-natural, often secondary woodland-grassland mosaics. Altitude from 100 to 350 m. Comments: the species is unknown in big areas. Most probably Ae. cnicana and Ae. rubigana are sibling species, and their identification is sometimes problematic. Information given in the literature is not reliable. The data given here have been checked by examination of the genitalia (FAZEKAS 1991). 20. Aethes rubigana (Treitschke, 1830) (Fig. 25, 26, 30) References: Ács & SZABÓKY 1993, FAZEKAS 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2007, GOZMÁNY & SZABÓKY 1986, SZABÓKY 1994, 1999. Distribution in Palaearctic: Ae. rubigana is widely distributed from the Japanese isles and Central Asia to Europe and NW Africa. According to RAZOWSKI (2002), Ae. cincana the a Palaerctic species, the repartition of which is not satisfactorily known. Most probably Ae. rubigana, Ae. cnicana and Ae. pemeantensis are sibling species. The threetaxon situation among siblings is very little known and thus impossible to interpret. The relationship of Ae. cnicana and Ae. pemeantensis is uncertain. The chorotype of the polytypical species-group: Asiatic-Europeo-Mediterranean. The distribution area in Hungary: Agárd, Apátistvánfalva, Bélapátfalva, Budapest (Mátyás-hegy), Csopak, Darány (Kuti-őrház), Fenyőfő, Győrzámoly (Patkányos), Jósvafő (Vas Imre barlang), Kaposfő, Kaposvár, Kárász, Kemence-patak-völgye, Királyszállás, Kisvaszar, Komló-Zobákpuszta, Lipót, Magyarszombatfa, MiskolcDiósgyőr, Nemesgulács, Noszvaj, Ócsa (Nagy-erdő), Pákozd (Hurka-völgy), Pátka, (Kőrakás-szurdok), Pécs, Szinpetri (Kopoly-völgy), Szivásvárad, Szulok, Várgesztes, Vérteskozma. Phenology: Bivoltine species; the moth flies from early May to June and from July to August; in certain years to middle of September.