Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok III. - Natura Somogyiensis 12. (Kaposvár, 2008)

Fazekas Imre: The species of the genus Aethes Billberg, 1821 of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

about 39°C and -28°C. Natural vegetation: Oak forests and grassland on sand, loess steppe, alkaline vegetation on solonchalk alluvial forests and swamps. The Hungarian plain is perhaps a typical example of the steppe or other grassland habitats favored by many Aethes, as far as is known, although the moths may actually prefer slight hillsides on the periphery of steppes. (2) Little Plain Flat plains, 75-200 m. Alluvial plain; cultivated grassland with high groundwater table and hygromorphous soils. Natural vegetation: alluvial forests and swamps, and at higher elevations oak forests and grassland on sand as well as loess steppe. (3) West Hungarian Borderland Valleys, foothills, medium-height mountains with broad ridges, 150-883 m. Eroded hills in the sub alpine regions on brown loess and pseudogleyeus soils with mosaics of forests mixed with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) partly used for agriculture, as well as eroded hills (250-350) with lessivated brown forest soil on brown loess; partly used for agriculture. Natural vegetation: mainly Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests as well as Illyrian beech forests and oak forests mixed with Scots pine. (4) Transdanubian Hills Valleys, hills, foothills, medium-height mountains, 150-682 m. Mainly in the west fixed sandy plain with minor dunes, cultivated grassland on brown earth, local a forestation and orchards. In the east at first independent hilly regions dissected by eroded valleys, mostly cultivated grassland with deep groundwater table, vineyards and major remnants of mixed forests. In the south, forested landscape types in mountains of medium height (Mecsek Mts, Villányi Mts); calcareous rock or sandstone with rendzina and lessivated brown forest soils, typically with Tilio argenteae-Quercetum or Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests {Helleboro Carpinetum), and mosaic Illyrian karst with hairy oak, karst shrub-forest and rocky swards. (5) Transdanubian Mountains Medium-height mountains, 200-756 m. mainly low mountains under additional sub Atlantic and submediterranean climatic influence. Quercetum-petraeae-cerris and Quercetum-petraeae-Carpinetum forests. In part hills dissected by eroded valleys; cultivated grassland with mosaic of vineyards and orchards and Quercetum-petraeae-cerris forests and deep groundwater table. On the mountain slopes are many kinds of karst shrub-forests and rock swards, e.g. in the Bakony Mts, in the Vértes Mts and in the Budai Mts. (6) North Hungarian Mountains Medium-height mountains, 300-1015 m. Extremely variable landscape type. In one respect a characteristic is the crests of volcanic mountains with black "nyirok" (regiolith) and podsolised brown forest soil, submontane beech forests (silviculture with touristic and recreational use Mátra Mts, Zempléni Mts). On the other hand the low mountains are predominantly of calcareous rocks with rendzina and brown soil (Bükk Mts, Aggteleki Mts). The Bükk Mts and Aggteleki Mts are at present a National Park. Natural vegetation: mainly Quercetum-petraeae-cerris, submontane oak hornbeam forests, submontane and montane beech forests, e.g. in the Mátra Mts (1015 m), in the Bükk Mts (958 m) and in the Zempléni Mts (783 m).