Majorossy Judit: A Ferenczy Múzeum régészeti gyűjteményei - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, D. sorozat: Múzeumi füzetek - Kiállításvezetők 5. (Szentendre, 2014)
Dr. Ottomány Katalin: Hunok kora
THE SARMATIAN PERIOD 1st century - 4th century The Sarmatians and the Quadi had been the neighbours of Pannonia for four centuries, sometimes as its allies, and sometimes as its enemies. Around the 1st century, roughly at the same time when the Romans established Pannonia province in the Transdanubian region, a new group of people of Iranian origin, the Sarmatian Iazyges immigrated to the territory of the Great Plain. They were horse-nomadic people, and their economy was based on animal husbandry. They had lived in the Great Plains and in the territory East of the River Tisza for four centuries, while new groups of them had continuously arrived from the East. The size of their settlements varied between smaller farms consisting of 1-2 houses and larger villages extending over 50-70 hectares. From the middle of the 3rd century an unusually dense network of settlements developed in the Great Plain, thus, their settlements lay only some kilometres away from each other. In the first half of the 5th century they were probably passed under the rule of the Huns. In Gödöllő during a preliminary excavation (Dózsa György road - Thegze Lajos street - Márki Sándor street) an extended Sarmatian settlement was unearthed in the last few years (between 2003 and 2011). Their dwellings were regular square, semi-subterranean houses, with post-holes along the opposite sides which supported the gable roof. There were storage pits, garbage pits, open-air ovens and smoke-ovens around them. The excavated part of the village can be relatively well dated relying on the great number of terra sigillata fragments (Roman luxury vessels) that were found here. The fineware were made between the end of the 2nd century and the middle of the 3rd century and could be in use even some decades later. These fragments of sigillatas were brought from the neighbouring Roman province of Pannonia, through one of the trade routes crossing the River Danube. Local potters even copied and imitated these sigillatas. They prepared hemispherical deep bowls and flat plates of painted, grey and burnished types. The indented vessels, the so-called Faltenbechers arrived here as import goods. Beside the above, grey domestic ware, bowls, jars, pots, and storage vessels of everyday use were uncovered. The burnished vessels were especially popular. There were a lot of handformed pots and mugs, too. The tools of handicraft, spindlewhorls, whetstones, knives were also excavated in the pits of the settlement. They threw the remains of eaten animals into the garbage pits, thus, bones of horses and cattles, furthermore bones, skulls and remains of dogs were also unearthed. Jewels are rarely extant in these settlements. In contrast to the grave goods of the burials in the excavation of settlements only jewels, brooches, buckles lost by chance come to the light. The small tin pendant and the fragments of a torques that are to be seen in the exhibition were also uncovered in Gödöllő. The buckle was used by the inhabitants of one of the semi-subterranean houses. A knee fibula of Roman type, a cross-bow fibula of Great Plain type, and a bolt fibula used by the Sarmatians could be found among them. The characteristics of the Germanic (Quadi) costumes were the bone combs with arched back, among which an entire piece was revealed in the preliminary excavation in the winter of 2011. The last four show-cases in the room exhibit a selection of the findings uncovered during the excavation of the M0 highway and ring-road around Budapest between 2002 and 2006, mainly chosen from the materials found at Ecser and Üllő. In the sites with numbers 5 and 9 at Üllő, a large-scale and wide-stretching Late Sarmatian potter-colony was unearthed, where 56 pottery kilns were excavated. They, first of all, prepared grit-tempered grey domestic ware and pots decorated with strong traces Korsó / Jar 48
