Majorossy Judit: A Ferenczy Múzeum régészeti gyűjteményei - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, D. sorozat: Múzeumi füzetek - Kiállításvezetők 5. (Szentendre, 2014)
Dr. Ottomány Katalin: Rómaiak kora
It had been in use for four centuries. The early examples are large and had thick walls. The one on display with a painted rim came from one of the stone buildings of the Roman colony at Páty. The basic dinner set of a Roman household consisted of three kinds of plates (a soup plate, a flat plate and a dessert plate), one kind of cup and glass was used for the principal meal. At feasts an import porcelain festive set of twelve pieces, glassware, and bronze vessels were added to the everyday set. Most of the dishes were served in deep bowls or on flat trays, from these they ladled out the meals into smaller or larger flat plates put in front of them on the table. They dipped bites of meat and stewed vegetables pinned on small sticks into the various tastes of thick sauces which were placed on the table in small cups. They ate soup from cups. Wine mixed with water or honey and spices were drunk from variously shaped glasses. In the two-handled large jars wine was mixed, in the onehandled smaller jars both wine, water, and oil were kept. The fine ware of the Romans was the so-called terra sigillata. It is a top quality, porcelain-hard burnt piece of tableware with a bright red slip used both for eating and drinking (its quality is unique even today). The deep, hemispherical bowls were used for serving, while the conical, small glasses for drinking or mixing liquids, sauces in them. The first terra sigillata vessels had arrived as presents for the native leaders, later they were bought by soldiers, veterans, and municipal officers. The poorer had to be content with the red painted or clay slipped imitations with stamped decoration. If such a vessel was broken, it was perforated and fastened together with wire, because it was rather expensive and difficult to replace. On the bottom of these artifacts the stamps of the craftsman or workshop can be seen, on their side the incised name of their owner was to be read. Those pieces with relief design evoke everyday lifescenes: the scenes of harvest festivals, huntings, gladiator fights, chariot-races are vivified on them, that is why terra sigillata can also be considered as a kind of picture book of ancient mythology. Its heyday period had lasted from the end of the 1st century to the middle of the 3rd century. These vessels reached Pannonia from Italy, from Gaul, and from the Rhineland as imported goods. They were prepared in manufactures founded for mass production, and from these centres they had reached every corner of the Roman Empire. The Romans introduced the small oil lamps made of clay and sometimes of bronze. Oil was poured into the middle part, while in the hole of their front part the wick was burning. They were mass-produced, sometimes primitive, simple bulk goods, which could be bought even by the poor. Spindle-whorls are the everyday objects of weaving and spinning. One can find flat- and disc-shaped as well as spherical ones among them. Sometimes they are decorated by incisions, especially the early pieces following the Celtic tradition. The exhibited examples came from a uicus at Páty, from a settlement at Perbál, and from a Roman farm-house estate near the Benta stream, which was excavated prior to the construction of M6 highway at Erd. The pipes of aqueduct were also made of clay or lead. The exhibited pipes belonged to a farm-house estate near Piliscsaba, it conducted the water of a nearby stream to the buildings. The Roman soldiers prepared themselves even the bricks for their own buildings. On 43 Mázas korsó / Glazed jar Késő római korsók / Late Roman jars
