Rácz Tibor Ákos: A múltnak kútja. Fiatal középkoros regészek V. konferenciájának tanulmánykötete - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, A. sorozat: Monográfiák 3. (Szentendre, 2014)
Képtáblák
Gyöngyvér Bíró English Summaries Multi-layered Árpád Age Settlement at Jászfényszaru-Szőlők-alja An excavation was carried out by the archaeologists of the János Damjanich Museum in 2007 at Jászfényszaru- Szőlők-alja under the leadership of Róbert Kertész. The site covered exceeded the 30,000 square metres and some 300 objects were unearthed. Most of the archaeological features uncovered are the remains of an Árpád Age settlement, however, some Sarmatian objects were also found. Apart from these periods, scattered Palaeolithic objects were also present at the site. Although only an intensively used part of the settlement was touched by the excavations, the site clearly continues westwards along the cut. The processing is now focusing on the Árpád Age settlement part and, moreover, on its buildings and connected objects. Altogether 45 houses were excavated from which one significantly differed and with regard to the ceramics finds only contained one Sarmatian fragment. The other 44 Árpád Age houses were spread in four groups but in a relatively narrow space in the centre of the excavated area. The location of the houses is worth attention as it was possible to identify a plot boundary and a few rows of houses. Besides that, out of the NW-SE oriented rows of houses two three or four groups outlined a road (a dead-end) or a narrow area (a lane) left unbuilt. On this basis, one may count with a settlement structure fragment that was to some extent ordered. The findings are dominated by ceramics, some millstone fragments and other stone tools were also discovered, but the metal remains are rather underrepresented and only seldom have a value in dating. In some of the cases the objects also contained animal bones, the archeozoological analysis of the finds, however, still awaits completion. Because of the former, the dating was based on the existing superpositions and on the ceramics. At the present stage of the research two phases were identified within the Árpád Age, the earlier spanning from the eleventh century up to the turning of the twelfth and the later one from the early thirteenth to the early fourteenth centuries. In some of the houses there were ceramics indicative of a transitional phase between these two periods. An archeometric analysis has also been carried out on the rich ceramic finds. The results supported the idea of the change of the raw material between the two periods. The pottery of the population gradually but visibly changed. The red-black, rather sandy and simple form ceramics were replaced by less calcareous, white-burned and more complex ceramics. As in the production mode (pottering, burning) no major change can be identified, it is likely that the same population lived at the settlement all along the study period. However, due to an unknown reason at the end of the twelfth, at the beginning of the thirteenth century they shifted to the use of a different raw material. In light of the transitional forms present in the ceramic material and also based on the location of some houses, it is likely that the settlement had continuously been in use. As most of the findings are ceramic fragments (there is only one single complete vessel and one could refit another pot) - though the filling up of some buildings suggest the burning down of some houses -, the settlement may not have been left alone in an escaping-like form but was depopulated due to other reasons. 454
