Rajna András (szerk.): Múltunk a föld alatt. Újabb régészeti kutatások Pest megyében - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, A. sorozat: Monográfiák 1. (Szentendre, 2014)
Tettamanti Sarolta: Régészti kuttások a váci vábren 1998-2002 között
English Summaries of its length could be investigated.) The width of the settlement was 110 metres; both ends were identified as shown by the excavated ditches. The northern and southern end fell beyond the investigated area. The sunken houses lay in the central part, while the smaller workshops showed a concentration in the southern part of the excavated area and were aligned along an east to west line. The above-ground, timber-framed buildings mostly lay in the south-eastern part of the area. The pits did not form clusters around the houses as it happened in case of other Celtic settlements. An open area without any buildings or other features was noted near the stream. This open area was bounded by houses in the west and by sunken houses with ledges and above-ground houses in the south. The distance between the houses varied, ranging from 6 to 24 metres. The Celtic settlement at Érd was a village-like settlement protected by a ditch system. Finds The overwhelming majority of the pottery, both wheel-turned and hand-thrown, was tempered with sand and mica. The vessels were most likely made from local clay tempered with sand, the latter acquired from the Danube. There is only one fragment of unknown function: two ceramic bars fused to each other, perhaps a waste from pottery firing (Fig. 11/7). Wheel-turned and hand-thrown pottery is represented in equal number. Most wheel-turned wares have a smoothed grey surface. It seems that the same vessel types were made using the wheel and by hand alike. The number of painted and graphitic vessel fragments is insignificant. Pottery painted with red and white bands appears to have been imported rather than locally produced. These vessels most likely originated from the (Buda) Gellérthegy oppidum or the Százhalombatta hillfort (Fig. 11/5). One fragment was found in a sunken building with a ledge (feature No. 20), while two other fragments were recovered from pits (features No. 19, No. 74). The form of the vessel could not be determined from the fragments. Graphitic pottery is represented by a rim and two body fragments, as well as a sherd found during the field survey preceding the excavation. The fragments with swollen rim are decorated with gadroons and oblique comb impressions (Fig. 17/2). Two side fragments with the same fabric were found on the neighbouring Akasztó Hill. Grey wares account for the majority of wheel-turned pottery. Their colour is light grey or light brown, and most were tempered with mica. The vessel surface is smoothed and occasionally decorated with smoothed-in patterns. Other wheel-turned wares include thin-walled, black jugs tempered with mica, polished to a bright lustre. The breakdown of vessel forms is similar to that of the ceramics from the settlements in the Budapest area and from the Gellérthegy-Tabán oppidum. Grey pottery generally has an ,,S”-profile. Bowls with swollen rim are among the more common forms, although also beakers were occasionally made with swollen rim. Jugs are rare; small beakers and large storage vessels occur more frequently. Late Celtic ovoid vessels with incurving neck are represented by three small rim fragments. Hand-thrown vessels were discovered in almost every feature. Deep bowls with indrawn rim, conical cups with straight rim, and pots with straight or gently outturned rim are the most common. The latter are decorated with finger impressions, stab-and-drag patterns and knobs, either flat discs or pointed. Most vessels are reddish-brown, light brown or brownish-grey in colour and poorly fired with a cracked surface. They were tempered with mica and, occasionally, with small pebbles. The hand-thrown pottery from the Érd settlement includes brown or blackish-grey vessels with polished or smoothed surface. Vessels with indrawn rim can also be assigned here, as can deep conical cups with straight rim, decorated with pointed knobs and barrel shaped vessels with indrawn rim, decorated with finger impressions. Pottery resembling Early Iron Age wares came to the light together with Late Celtic fragments. In the La Тёпе period, the hand-thrown vessels continuing Early Iron Age (Hallstatt) traditions were used as household pottery. Burials Human skeletal remains were unearthed from two pits. The feature No. 102 contained a contracted burial without any grave goods, while the feature No. 84 yielded an inurned cremation burial with a biconical Celtic bowl and various metal artefacts. The latter burial could be dated to the La Тёпе С-Dl period on the strength of the analogous finds. Chronology Most of the vessels represent types of the La Тёпе C period, such as graphitic vessels, bowls with indrawn rim, „S”profiled bowls, the biconical bowl from the cremation grave, bowls with swollen rim, pedestailed bowls, jugs and pots with funnel-shaped outturned rim. The hand-thrown wares also represent the common types of the same period. Most 172
