Balogh Zoltán (szerk.): Neograd 2018 - A Dornyay Béla Múzeum Évkönyve 41. (Salgótarján, 2018)
Péntek Attila-Zandler Krisztián: Evidence of middle palaeolithic south from Vanyarc (Nógrád county, Northern Hungary)
flakes is accordingly lower at the site V5 (11,29%) than at the site VI1 (23,08%). These differences in the tool-kit composition can be associated with the number of residences at the sites or the functionality of the sites. Comparing the substantially smaller assemblages of the three reviewed sites with the data of the „Vanyarc-type” industry, it can be stated that only the share of the side-sc- rapers is similar, those of the leaf-shaped tools and bifacial tools are significantly lower. At the same time, the ratio of the end-scrapers is apparently higher, it is at the VI9-1 and V19-2 sites about 40% of the tool-kit, at the site V21 it is even 68%. However, in typological point of view, all tools have an analogy in the „Vanyarc- type” industry without exception. The above reviewed three sites, VI9-1, VI9-2 and V21 were unlikely atelier-sites, the high number of the several times renewed end- scrapers is in direct contradiction to this assumption. It is likely that the sites might have been temporary hunting-stations. However, the possibility can not be excluded, that they were quasi satellite-sites of a greater settlement centre, having richer assemblages belonging to the „Vanyarc-type” industry. Finally, as possible parallelism to the „Vanyarc-type” industry, the nearby site of Erdőkürt-Cigány-part can be mentioned. The archaeological assemblage containing 1.149 artefacts was published recently18. The site is situated south from the village Erdőkürt, on the western end of a plateau, on an altitude of240 m above the sea level. The source and the valley of the Alma streamlet can be found very close to the site. It is actually located in a so-called „dead-end” valley, which is closed at one end, and lacking an exit. This phenomenon is well known in the Cserhát Mountains from the field experiences, most of the Middle Palaeolithic or Early Upper Palaeolithic sites are lying along or at the heads of „dead-end” valleys. Macroscopically 10 raw material types could be identified unambiguously. The share of the local limnic silicite is very pregnant (82,85%). The local siliceous pebble is presented by a remarkable great amount of flakes and shatters (8,27%). Its possible geological source may be the gravel at the nearby location „Szedmina”, at a distance of a few hundred meters from the site as the crow flies. From among the long distance raw materials the felsitic porphyry can be emphasized (43 pcs, 3,74% of the total assemblage). There are 16 pieces of obsidian (1,39%), only flakes of various size and cores. On the grounds of the typological characteristics of these artefacts, these may belong to a younger Prehistoric period, possibly to the Late Neolithic Lengyel culture. Thirteen artefacts are made of erratic flint of South Polish origin. Its probable sources are the moraines of the Elster and Saale glaciations in the Upper Oder Basin19. The raw material of a truncated microblade and a retouched microblade is with great certainty Volhynian/Prut flint (0,43%). There are 14 artefacts (1,22%) made of Carpathian radiolarite, which has its geological source in the Vlára Valley in the area of the White Carpathians20. 18 PÉNTEK, FARAGÓ 2015 19 KOZLOWSKI2013:65 20 CHEBEN, CHEBEN 2010 228
