Balogh Zoltán (szerk.): Neograd 2018 - A Dornyay Béla Múzeum Évkönyve 41. (Salgótarján, 2018)
Péntek Attila-Zandler Krisztián: Evidence of middle palaeolithic south from Vanyarc (Nógrád county, Northern Hungary)
distal end of this edge is broken a long time ago. Its base is retouched and the bulb is eliminated ([53]x29x 11 mm; Figure 3: 2). Among the five leaf-shaped tools two artefacts are made of siliceous pebble, three artefacts of felsitic porphyry. Three artefacts are slightly rounded base fragments of various sizes. The cross-section of two pieces each is biconvex and plano-convex, that of a single piece is parallelogram (plan-convex/plan-convex) ([40]x[28]x[12] mm; Figure 2: 4, Figure 9: 7). All tools are symmetric to their longitudinal axe. The lateral edges of the leaf-shaped tools were worked with the WGK-method (“wechselseitiggleichgerichtete Kantenbearbeitung’'6). The right lateral edge of a leaf-shaped tool made of felsitic porphyry broke in a rectilinear manner. Its butt is the original surface of the raw material piece, served as blank (49x[22]x7 mm; Figure 2: 6). A large piece made of felsitic porphyry is a pre-form of a leaf-shaped tool. It was abandoned likely due to raw material flaws or knapping accident ([54]x40x 15 mm; Figure 3: 1, Figure 10: 2). Another large piece, an initial bifacial tool made of limnic silicite broke due to raw material flaws too ([56]x42x23 mm; Figure 3: 3). Among the tools, there are two retouched flakes made of local limnic silicite and a mesial fragment of a broken blade made of Carpathian radiolarite. The Palaeolithic assemblage of the V19-2 site is slightly bigger as that of the former, V19-1 site is, it contains 246 artefacts. However, in point of the raw material utilization (Table 3-4.) practically the same can be said, only certain proportions are changing in some degrees. Local limnic silicite is dominant (59,35%) followed by the siliceous pebble (8,94%). The share of the long-distance raw material felsitic porphyry is notably higher than at the VI9-1 site was (24,80%). Primarily significant the number of flakes of various sizes, there are some tools too, but raw material chunks are not present. Other raw material types occur only in negligible quantities. Like at the VI9-1 site, in the case of the tools the raw material utilization shows an entirely dissimilar picture. The percental ratio of the local limnic silicite is only 40,91 %, it is followed by felsitic porphyry (22,73%), and siliceous pebble (13,64%). Somewhat surprising is the high share of the Mátra-type limnic silicite (9,09%). The lithic assemblage contains 22 formal Palaeolithic tools (8,94% of the total assemblage). Among the tools, the end-scrapers (a single piece made on a blade (Figure 10: 3), eight pieces made on a flake) dominate (Figure 4:1-3,5-6). Their raw material is mostly local limnic silicite (five artefacts), two artefacts made of Mátra-type limnic silicite and felsitic porphyry. The blanks of the end-scrapers are generally thick flakes without any further preference of the form, therefore they are morphologically very various. Raw material chunks as blanks do not occur at all. The working edges are in most cases slightly curved, and generally semi-abrupt to steep. They are often, occasionally several times renewed. The habitual lateral retouch present in five cases. The base of the tool made of felsitic porphyry flake broke a long time ago, its working edge is straight with steep retouch. The left lateral edge has a side-scraper like stepped retouch (42x31 x 11 mm; Figure 4: 6, Figure 10:5). 16 BOSINSKI 1967:43 224
