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Fülöp Éva Mária: A pápa-ugod-devecseri Esterházy-uradalom gazdálkodása a 18. században, különös tekintettel az úrbéri rendezésre. I.

A PÁPA-UGOD—DEVECSERI ESTERHÁZY-URADALOM GAZDÁLKODÁSA A l8. SZÁZADBAN... I.

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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ON THE FEUDAL ESTATES OF PAPA-UGOD-DEVECSER OF THE ESTERHÁZYS IN THE 18TM CENTURY, WITH SOME SPECIAL REGARDS TO THE RELATING

THE URBARY REGULATION ÉVA MÁRIA FÜLÖP

The paper is devoted to Count Károly Eszterházy (1725-1799) Bishop of Vác and later that of Eger who was one of the outstanding members of the Esterházy family possessing the estate Pâpa-Ugod-Devecser. His activity in the field of his administrative and ecclesiastical career and as a seigneur was equally significant. He took care of his family possession and the landed property of his benefice with proprietary solicitude.

There was a close connection between the economic systems of Transdanubian domains of the Esterházys. The feudal estate of Tata-Gesztes was considered as a good example thanks to the activity of regent (estate steward) Ferenc Balogh (1708- 1765) who directed the Pápa-Ugod-Devecser domain from 1761 to 1765 as well. The estate was situated mainly in the territory of Bakony mountain. The agricultural products were primarily the grain and the timber. The sale of grain and wood and the pasture leases in Bakony were the leading income as well as the sale of wine but the market-oriented production was not determinant instead of self-sufficiency.

In that period of Hungarian agricultural history the extensive method was the only possible way to enlarge the production. Landowners tried to increase the number of serfs for their domain, e. g. several villages were settled with German peasants and these settlers had a so called permanent contract which meant free exempt years from the state and manorial taxes. But from the 1740s a slow agricultural development can be seen in the economic activities of feudal estates reflected the appearance of elements of the intensive methods.

The paper aims for giving a summary of the data about the agricultural production of the Pápa- Ugod-Devecser domain in the base of the fragmentary records of the estate. As for the history of this domain during Count Károly Eszterházy’s ownership the villein socage of the serfs were regulated by the state in 1767 Urbary Regulation (including socage, tithe and ninth, rent in kind etc.). Because the most part of public revenue came from the taxes of serfs living in fee estates the state was interested in limiting the manorial demand.

Translated by Éva Mária Fülöp

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